VirtualBox 1.5.6 with Linux Kernel 2.6.25

While compiling VirtualBox was successful, the loading failed with kernel message (seen using dmesg | tail -f):

release/bin/src ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/sbin/modprobe vboxdrv
Apr 23 22:20:16 linux-hp kernel: vboxdrv: Unknown symbol change_page_attr


With the introduction of the new API, no driver nor non-archcore code needs to use change_page_attr anymore. What I did was to grep for "change_page_attr" in VirtualBox source directory:

grep -R --include=*.? "change_page_attr"

And comment out all calls to this procedure. Loading the module then succeeded:

release/bin/src ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/sbin/modprobe vboxdrv
Apr 23 22:27:53 linux-hp kernel: vboxdrv: Trying to deactivate the NMI watchdog permanently...
Apr 23 22:27:53 linux-hp kernel: vboxdrv: Successfully done.
Apr 23 22:27:53 linux-hp kernel: vboxdrv: TSC mode is 'synchronous', kernel timer mode is 'normal'.
Apr 23 22:27:53 linux-hp kernel: vboxdrv: Successfully loaded version 1.5.6_OSE (interface 0x00050002).

Canon 4200F is still unsupported on Linux

lsusb -d 04a9:221b -vvv

lsusb -d 04a9:221b -vvv

Bus 007 Device 002: ID 04a9:221b Canon, Inc.
Device Descriptor:
 bLength                18
 bDescriptorType         1
 bcdUSB               2.00
 bDeviceClass          255 Vendor Specific Class
 bDeviceSubClass       255 Vendor Specific Subclass
 bDeviceProtocol       255 Vendor Specific Protocol
 bMaxPacketSize0        64
 idVendor           0x04a9 Canon, Inc.
 idProduct          0x221b
 bcdDevice            2.00
 iManufacturer           3 Canon
 iProduct                4 CanoScan
 iSerial                 0
 bNumConfigurations      1
 Configuration Descriptor:
   bLength                 9
   bDescriptorType         2
   wTotalLength           39
   bNumInterfaces          1
   bConfigurationValue     1
   iConfiguration          0
   bmAttributes         0xc0
     Self Powered
   MaxPower               10mA
   Interface Descriptor:
     bLength                 9
     bDescriptorType         4
     bInterfaceNumber        0
     bAlternateSetting       0
     bNumEndpoints           3
     bInterfaceClass       255 Vendor Specific Class
     bInterfaceSubClass    255 Vendor Specific Subclass
     bInterfaceProtocol    255 Vendor Specific Protocol
     iInterface              0
     Endpoint Descriptor:
       bLength                 7
       bDescriptorType         5
       bEndpointAddress     0x81  EP 1 IN
       bmAttributes            2
         Transfer Type            Bulk
         Synch Type               None
         Usage Type               Data
       wMaxPacketSize     0x0200  1x 512 bytes
       bInterval               0
     Endpoint Descriptor:
       bLength                 7
       bDescriptorType         5
       bEndpointAddress     0x02  EP 2 OUT
       bmAttributes            2
         Transfer Type            Bulk
         Synch Type               None
         Usage Type               Data
       wMaxPacketSize     0x0200  1x 512 bytes
       bInterval               0
     Endpoint Descriptor:
       bLength                 7
       bDescriptorType         5
       bEndpointAddress     0x83  EP 3 IN
       bmAttributes            3
         Transfer Type            Interrupt
         Synch Type               None
         Usage Type               Data
       wMaxPacketSize     0x0001  1x 1 bytes
       bInterval               8
Device Qualifier (for other device speed):
 bLength                10
 bDescriptorType         6
 bcdUSB               2.00
 bDeviceClass          255 Vendor Specific Class
 bDeviceSubClass       255 Vendor Specific Subclass
 bDeviceProtocol       255 Vendor Specific Protocol
 bMaxPacketSize0        64
 bNumConfigurations      1
Device Status:     0x0001
 Self Powered

Creative XFi driver on Linux 2.6.25

There is still a problem with beta2 version of Creative Sound Blaster XFi driver on Linux kernel 2.6.25. If we do what is said by the driver installation instruction, it ends up with some errors. Here's a trick how to manually compile and install it:

1. Download the driver from http://us.creative.com/support/downloads/download.asp?searchString=XFiDrv_Linux. or directly from shell: wget http://ccftp.creative.com/manualdn/Drivers/AVP/10530/0xE84AB36F/XFiDrv_Linux_US-1.18.tar.gz
   The latest is version 1.18


2. Extract the tar.gz file from your build folder:
   
   tar zxvf XFiDrv_Linux_US-1.18.tar.gz
   
   This will extract all files to XFiDrv_Linux_US-1.18
   
3. cd to the XFiDrv_Linux_US-1.18/drivers
4. Try to do make (gotta be a root). It will cause some errors (the errors don't appear on the screen. They are logged in /var/log/creative-installer.log and need root access to see it). We can open another window/shell and just type: sudo tail -f /var/log/creative-installer.log to see what's going on.
5. OK, now we're about to fix these problems. First, just typ: ./configure
6. Don't do make yet. We need to modify some files.
7. edit file LinuxSys.c: vi src/ossrv/LinuxSys.c
Goto line 648 and replace SA_SHIRQ with IRQF_SHARED (Kernel 2.6.22 has told us that it was going to deprecate it although still defines it, but in kernel 2.6.25 this SA_SHIRQ is now gone!)

8. Add the following line after line 33:


#include <linux/fs.h> // for definitions of filp_*

9. Add the following lines after line 37:
   
   #include <asm-generic/fcntl.h> // otherwise, some MACROS are undefined
   
   


10. Compile with the following command: sudo make KBUILD_NOPEDANTIC=1 or modify (temporarily!) file /usr/src/linux/scripts/Makefile.build and comment out statements around line 46 as below:



 #ifeq ($(KBUILD_NOPEDANTIC),)
  #ifneq ("$(save-cflags)","$(CFLAGS)")
       #$(error CFLAGS was changed in "$(kbuild-file)". Fix it to use EXTRA_CFLAGS)
#endif



11. Edit file in drivers/ctsound and change the order to:
    
    
    

    drivers="ctossrv emupia ctsfman haxfi ctalsa ct20xut ctexfifx cthwiut"
    

    
    
    #endif
12. Install it: sudo make install

Distributed Compile and Caching

This trick has boosted my compilation several times faster now. Here is the steps:

1. First, you need to install both ccache and icecream (search on the Internet!). The default place for icecream files are under /opt/icecream.
   
2. Create a folder /opt/ccache and /opt/ccache/bin
3. Create file named "gcc" and type:
4. #! /bin/sh
   
   export CCACHE_PATH=/opt/icecream/bin
   export PATH=/opt/icecream/bin:/usr/bin:$PATH
   ccache gcc "$@"
5. Repeat step 3 and 4, but change line "ccache gcc" to "ccache c++" and name the file c++.
6. Do the same thing (step 5) for cc abd g++
7. Modify path (I put this in my ~/.profile): export PATH=/opt/ccache/bin:$PATH
8. 
   

To start icecream, as root do this: /etc/init.d/icecream restart
This will start the icecc daemon (iceccd). Here is my processes:

> ps -ef | grep ice
icecream 3944 1 0 19:33 ? 00:00:03 /usr/sbin/scheduler -d -l /var/log/icecc_scheduler -n icecream -vv
root 3957 1 0 19:33 ? 00:00:06 /usr/sbin/iceccd -d -l /var/log/iceccd --nice 5 -s linux-hp -n icecream -u icecream -b /var/cache/icecream -vv


(Modify file /etc/sysconfig/icecream as you needed (especially the scheduler and netname). I still not able to make my other computer to participate in the parallel compile (it is separated by a wireless router but in the same IP subnet). I don't know the root cause yet (the log said it was not able to find the scheduler, although I explicitly specify it [not thru broadcast]).

NVIDIA driver on Linux Kernel 2.6.25

The current Nvidia driver (NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-169.12-pkg2.run) is somehow broken with Linux kernel 2.6.25. I googled and found discussion about this. Some people suggested to replace EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL(init_mm) to EXPORT_SYMBOL(init_mm) in
/usr/src/linux/arch/x86/kernel/init_task.c. It didn't work (at least on my machine).

I look at the error log in /var/log/nvidia-installer.log. The last few lines in the file told me the global_flush_tlb() was implicitly declared (meaning, it was no longer exported by the Linux kernel. People in the discussion forum mentioned since 2.6.24 or something) while trying to compile nv-vm.c. This look weird, so I extracted the Nvidia driver with the following command:

sh download/nvidia/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-169.12-pkg2.run -a -q -n -x

This command extracted both binary files and its source codes onto NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-169.12-pkg2/
I then cd to NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-169.12-pkg2/usr/src/nv and commented out calling to that procedure. Here's my modified procedure of that file:

static void nv_flush_caches(void)
{
#if defined(KERNEL_2_4)
// for 2.4 kernels, just automatically flush the caches and invalidate tlbs
nv_execute_on_all_cpus(cache_flush, NULL);
#else
// for 2.6 (and later) kernels, rely on global_flush_tlb
#if defined(NV_CPA_NEEDS_FLUSHING)
nv_execute_on_all_cpus(cache_flush, NULL);
#endif
#if defined (NVCPU_X86) || defined (NVCPU_X86_64)
//global_flush_tlb();
#endif
nv_ext_flush_caches(); // handle other platform flushes if present
#endif
}

I then manually compile the code usual way (make module) from that folder and did "make install" (executed as root). For the binary files, I just manually copied them to their proper places.

Nervously, I typed "startx" and voila....my Xwindows started successfuly! So far, I haven't noticed any anomalies nor problems (this blog is actually done from my machine running the new driver). Apparently, the latest kernel doesn't require flushing cache anymore (it must be done automatically elsewhere).

Virtualization Era!

Rebooting a machine to switch to another OS on multi-operating-system machine sounds out dated now. With recent VT-enabled technology from both Intel and AMD on certain x86 CPUs, virtualization goes smoother and better.

I just tested Microsoft Virtual PC which enable me to install multiple windows or even Linux under my Windows XP host OS. There are other Virtualization software available, either freeware or not. Here I am trying to list some of them:

Non-free ones:
VMWare: https://www.vmware.com/tryvmware/?a=l&eval=workstation-l
Microsoft Virtual PC: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/virtualpc/
Novel SUSE Linux Exterprise VM Driverpack: http://www.novell.com/products/vmdriverpack/

Freeware versions:
Bochs: http://bochs.sourceforge.net/
QEMU: http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/
VirtualBox: http://www.virtualbox.de/ (this software has dual licenses: free and proprietary)


While, to just run windows application on Linux, we can use wine or its sibling, the commercialized one: CrossOver for Linux: http://www.codeweavers.com/products/cxlinux/

To learn more about virtualization and/or virtual machine (don't get confused with Java VM as it's not a system VM): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization

The more complete list of VM packages:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_virtual_machines

I will report further once I try some of them. In most cases, the host OS will be OpenSUSE 64-bit ver 10.3 with guest OSs will be: Vista Home Premium SP1, Vista Ultimate 64-bit, Mac OSX 10.4 Tiger and some variants of Linux [Redhat, UBuntu, Debian]. The host system will be my desktop CPU: Intel Quad-core 2.4 GHz, 4 GB RAM, with almost 768 GB total space.