Assembly in Linux

section .data
    hello:     db 'Hello world!',10    ; 'Hello world!' plus a linefeed character
    helloLen:  equ $-hello             ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string

section .text
    global _start

    _start:
    mov ecx,5            ; display the string 5 times

_loop:
    mov eax,4            ; The system call for write (sys_write)
    mov ebx,1            ; File descriptor 1 - standard output
    push ecx             ; save ecx as it is gonna be used as param to sys_write
    mov ecx,hello        ; Put the offset of hello in ecx
    mov edx,helloLen     ; helloLen is a constant, so we don't need to say
                         ;  mov edx,[helloLen] to get it's actual value
    int 80h              ; Call the kernel
    pop ecx              ; restore ecx (counter)
    loop _loop
    mov eax,1            ; The system call for exit (sys_exit)
    mov ebx,0            ; Exit with return code of 0 (no error)
    int 80h


Steps:
Save the file as syscall.asm  
Execute: nasm -f elf syscall.asm  
Execute: ld -s -o syscall syscall.o  
run it as: ./syscall   
To check the object file, we can use objdump, elfdump, or readelf. For example:  


$ readelf -a ./syscall.o
ELF Header:
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  Class:                             ELF32
  Data:                              2's complement, little endian
  Version:                           1 (current)
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
  ABI Version:                       0
  Type:                              REL (Relocatable file)
  Machine:                           Intel 80386
  Version:                           0x1
  Entry point address:               0x0
  Start of program headers:          0 (bytes into file)
  Start of section headers:          64 (bytes into file)
  Flags:                             0x0
  Size of this header:               52 (bytes)
  Size of program headers:           0 (bytes)
  Number of program headers:         0
  Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)
  Number of section headers:         7
  Section header string table index: 3

Section Headers:
  [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al

  [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0

  [ 1] .data             PROGBITS        00000000 000160 00000d 00  WA  0   0  4

  [ 2] .text             PROGBITS        00000000 000170 00002b 00  AX  0   0 16

  [ 3] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 0001a0 000031 00      0   0  1

  [ 4] .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 0001e0 000080 10      5   7  4

  [ 5] .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 000260 000029 00      0   0  1

  [ 6] .rel.text         REL             00000000 000290 000008 08      4   2  4
$ readelf -a ./syscall.o
ELF Header:s:
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  Class:                             ELF32unknown)
  Data:                              2's complement, little endianpecific)
  Version:                           1 (current)
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
  ABI Version:                       0
  Type:                              REL (Relocatable file)
  Machine:                           Intel 80386
  Version:                           0x1 0x290 contains 1 entries:
  Entry point address:               0x0Value  Sym. Name
  Start of program headers:          0 (bytes into file)
  Start of section headers:          64 (bytes into file)
  Flags:                             0x0e.
  Size of this header:               52 (bytes)
  Size of program headers:           0 (bytes)
  Number of program headers:         0Vis      Ndx Name
  Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)UND
  Number of section headers:         7DEFAULT  ABS syscall.asm
  Section header string table index: 3DEFAULT    1
     3: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    2
Section Headers:     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 hello
  [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
  [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
  [ 1] .data             PROGBITS        00000000 000160 00000d 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 2] .text             PROGBITS        00000000 000170 00002b 00  AX  0   0 16
  [ 3] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 0001a0 000031 00      0   0  1
  [ 4] .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 0001e0 000080 10      5   7  4
  [ 5] .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 000260 000029 00      0   0  1
  [ 6] .rel.text         REL             00000000 000290 000008 08      4   2  4
Key to Flags:
  W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings)
  I (info), L (link order), G (group), x (unknown)
  O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)

There are no section groups in this file.

There are no program headers in this file.

Relocation section '.rel.text' at offset 0x290 contains 1 entries:
 Offset     Info    Type            Sym.Value  Sym. Name
00000011  00000201 R_386_32          00000000   .data

There are no unwind sections in this file.

Symbol table '.symtab' contains 8 entries:
   Num:    Value  Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name
     0: 00000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND
     1: 00000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS syscall.asm
     2: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    1
     3: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    2
     4: 00000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 hello
     5: 0000000d     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS helloLen
     6: 00000005     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 _loop
     7: 00000000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT    2 _start

No version information found in this file.