My Stuff

TinyXML

2011-11-06T16:37:00.000-08:00

#include <ltinyxml.h>

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// STDOUT dump and indenting utility functions
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
const unsigned int NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE=2;

const char * getIndent( unsigned int numIndents )
{
 static const char * pINDENT="                                      + ";
 static const unsigned int LENGTH=strlen( pINDENT );
 unsigned int n=numIndents*NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE;
 if ( n > LENGTH ) n = LENGTH;
 
 return &pINDENT[ LENGTH-n ];
}

// same as getIndent but no "+" at the end
const char * getIndentAlt( unsigned int numIndents )
{
 static const char * pINDENT="                                        ";
 static const unsigned int LENGTH=strlen( pINDENT );
 unsigned int n=numIndents*NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE;
 if ( n > LENGTH ) n = LENGTH;
 
 return &pINDENT[ LENGTH-n ];
}

int dump_attribs_to_stdout(TiXmlElement* pElement, unsigned int indent)
{
 if ( !pElement ) return 0;
 
 TiXmlAttribute* pAttrib=pElement->FirstAttribute();
 int i=0;
 int ival;
 double dval;
 const char* pIndent=getIndent(indent);
 printf("\n");
 while (pAttrib)
 {
  printf( "%s%s: value=[%s]", pIndent, pAttrib->Name(), pAttrib->Value());
  
  if (pAttrib->QueryIntValue(&ival)==TIXML_SUCCESS)    printf( " int=%d", ival);
  if (pAttrib->QueryDoubleValue(&dval)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " d=%1.1f", dval);
  printf( "\n" );
  i++;
  pAttrib=pAttrib->Next();
 }
 return i;
}

void dump_to_stdout( TiXmlNode* pParent, unsigned int indent = 0 )
{
 if ( !pParent ) return;
 
 TiXmlNode* pChild;
 TiXmlText* pText;
 int t = pParent->Type();
 printf( "%s", getIndent(indent));
 int num;
 
 switch ( t )
 {
  case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DOCUMENT:
   printf( "Document" );
   break;
   
  case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_ELEMENT:
   printf( "Element [%s]", pParent->Value() );
   num=dump_attribs_to_stdout(pParent->ToElement(), indent+1);
   switch(num)
   {
    case 0:  printf( " (No attributes)"); break;
    case 1:  printf( "%s1 attribute", getIndentAlt(indent)); break;
    default: printf( "%s%d attributes", getIndentAlt(indent), num); break;
   }
   break;
   
    case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_COMMENT:
     printf( "Comment: [%s]", pParent->Value());
     break;
     
    case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_UNKNOWN:
     printf( "Unknown" );
     break;
     
    case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_TEXT:
     pText = pParent->ToText();
     printf( "Text: [%s]", pText->Value() );
     break;
     
    case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DECLARATION:
     printf( "Declaration" );
     break;
    default:
     break;
 }
 printf( "\n" );
 for ( pChild = pParent->FirstChild(); pChild != 0; pChild = pChild->NextSibling())
 {
  dump_to_stdout( pChild, indent+1 );
 }
}

// load the named file and dump its structure to STDOUT
void dump_to_stdout(const char* pFilename)
{
 TiXmlDocument doc(pFilename);
 bool loadOkay = doc.LoadFile();
 if (loadOkay)
 {
  printf("\n%s:\n", pFilename);
  dump_to_stdout( &doc ); // defined later in the tutorial
 }
 else
 {
  printf("Failed to load file \"%s\"\n", pFilename);
 }
}


void build_simple_doc( )
{
 // Make xml: World
 TiXmlDocument doc;

 TiXmlDeclaration * declaration = new TiXmlDeclaration( "1.0", "UTF-8", "" );
 TiXmlElement * root = new TiXmlElement( "mipsdiag" );

 doc.LinkEndChild( declaration );
 doc.LinkEndChild( root );

 TiXmlElement * cpu = new TiXmlElement( "cpu" );
 root->LinkEndChild(cpu);
 
 TiXmlComment * comment = new TiXmlComment();
 comment->SetValue("-- CPU utilization --" );
 cpu->LinkEndChild(comment);

 TiXmlElement *cpu_res = new TiXmlElement("cpu_resouce");
 cpu_res->SetAttribute("type", "utilization");
 cpu_res->SetAttribute("units", "percent");
 cpu->LinkEndChild(cpu_res);

 TiXmlText *cpu_utilization = new TiXmlText("0.11");
 cpu_res->LinkEndChild(cpu_utilization);

 dump_to_stdout( &doc );
 doc.SaveFile( "mipsdiag.xml" );
}


int main()
{
 build_simple_doc();
}

Ooma has dialtone, but unable to make calls

2011-10-18T09:11:00.000-07:00

There might be a bug in Old Ooma Broadband Voip device which for some reason could not establish voice connection (although it could connect to Ooma gateway and we could hear its unique dialtone).

To fix it is actually very simple, just unplug the power to it and leave it like that for about 15 seconds, and than replug it

iTunes fails to upgrade iPad with error 1611

2011-10-18T09:07:00.001-07:00

This issue was due to SIM card.

Try remove the SIM card while doing upgrade. Once the upgrade is complete, we can reinsert the SIM card.

Recover file name copied from iPod/iPhone

2011-09-05T17:08:00.000-07:00

With gtkPod, we are able to connect to iPhone/iPod and copy all the files, but the filenames are all cryptic (they are all in four letters). With the following script, we can recover the file names and convert them into readable format in the form of "artist - album" pattern.


#!/bin/sh
FULLPATH=$1
FILE=${FULLPATH##*/}
FILENAME=${FILE%.*}
EXT=${FILE##*.}
#echo "FILENAME=$FILENAME"
#echo "EXTension=$EXT"
shift
OPTS=$@
echo filename=$FILENAME

meta=`mp4info "$FULLPATH" | awk '/Metadata / {sub(/^[ \t]+/, "")};1'`
#echo meta=$meta
TITLE=`echo "$meta" | awk '/Metadata Name: / {gsub(/Metadata Name: /,""); print }'`
ARTIST=`echo "$meta" | awk '/Metadata Artist: / {gsub(/Metadata Artist: /,""); print }'`

if [ -z "$TITLE" ]
then
 TITLE="unknown"
else
 echo TITLE=$TITLE
fi

if [ -z "$ARTIST" ]
then
 ARTIST="unknown"
else
 echo ARTIST=$ARTIST
fi

TARGET="$ARTIST - $TITLE.$EXT"
cp "$FULLPATH" "$TARGET"

if [ -n $ "$TARGET" ]
then
 rm "$FULLPATH"
fi

Save the above script into an executable file, say mp4fixname.

To fix a filename, just run it and pass the encoded filename.
For example, if the file name is NXJA.m4a, we just run the script as below:

mp4fixname NXJA.m4a

The original filename will be replaced in artist and song name format according to metadata/tags stored in the original file.

Converting m4a song to mp3 format

2011-09-05T15:43:00.000-07:00

Sometimes, I need to convert files I bought from iTunes to MP3 format. Well, actually not all songs we buy convertable to MP3. Only non-DRM format (with m4a extension) can be converted. The protected format with m4p extension still cannot be converted, theoritically at least (there is a hack to remove the DRM. But that's not easy and won't be covered here).

The following script converts an MP4 file to MP3 format.
It copies all the tags stored in the original file into the target file.
Make sure you have ffmpeg, mp4info, awk, and bc installed.

#!/bin/bash

#!/bin/bash

FULLPATH=$1
file=${FULLPATH##*/}
FILENAME=${file%.*}
EXT=${file##*.}
#echo "FILENAME=$FILENAME"
#echo "EXTension=$EXT"
shift
OPTS=$@

if [ `echo $EXT | tr [:upper:] [:lower:]` = "m4a" ]
then
 bitratekbps=`mp4info "$FULLPATH" | awk '$1 ~ /([0-9]+) kbps/g {print $8}'`
 bitratebps=`echo "scale=10; $bitratekbps*1000" | bc -l`
 hz=`mp4info "$FULLPATH" | awk '$1 ~ /([0-9]+) kbps/g {print $10}'`

 ffmpeg -i "$FILENAME.m4a" -aq 1 -ab $bitratebps -ar $hz -f mp3 \
        -metadata major_brand="MP3" \
         -metadata compatible_brands="MP3 libmp3lame" \
        "$FILENAME.mp3" $OPTS
fi

Save the file, say, to m4a2mp3 and make it executable.

To convert a song:

m4a2mp3 song.m4a

The target file name is the same, except the extension now is MP3. Also, some tags/metadata are replaced to reflect the new format. If you want to add other options, you can put that after file name. For example: m4a2mp3 song.m4a -metadata mymeta="converted from m4a"

Assembly in Linux

2011-08-08T04:48:00.000-07:00

section .data

    hello:     db 'Hello world!',10    ; 'Hello world!' plus a linefeed character

    helloLen:  equ $-hello             ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string



section .text

    global _start



    _start:

    mov ecx,5            ; display the string 5 times



_loop:

    mov eax,4            ; The system call for write (sys_write)

    mov ebx,1            ; File descriptor 1 - standard output

    push ecx             ; save ecx as it is gonna be used as param to sys_write

    mov ecx,hello        ; Put the offset of hello in ecx

    mov edx,helloLen     ; helloLen is a constant, so we don't need to say

                         ;  mov edx,[helloLen] to get it's actual value

    int 80h              ; Call the kernel

    pop ecx              ; restore ecx (counter)

    loop _loop

    mov eax,1            ; The system call for exit (sys_exit)

    mov ebx,0            ; Exit with return code of 0 (no error)

    int 80h





Steps:
Save the file as syscall.asm  
Execute: nasm -f elf syscall.asm  
Execute: ld -s -o syscall syscall.o  
run it as: ./syscall   
To check the object file, we can use objdump, elfdump, or readelf. For example:  



$ readelf -a ./syscall.o

ELF Header:

  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

  Class:                             ELF32

  Data:                              2's complement, little endian

  Version:                           1 (current)

  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V

  ABI Version:                       0

  Type:                              REL (Relocatable file)

  Machine:                           Intel 80386

  Version:                           0x1

  Entry point address:               0x0

  Start of program headers:          0 (bytes into file)

  Start of section headers:          64 (bytes into file)

  Flags:                             0x0

  Size of this header:               52 (bytes)

  Size of program headers:           0 (bytes)

  Number of program headers:         0

  Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)

  Number of section headers:         7

  Section header string table index: 3



Section Headers:

  [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al



  [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0



  [ 1] .data             PROGBITS        00000000 000160 00000d 00  WA  0   0  4



  [ 2] .text             PROGBITS        00000000 000170 00002b 00  AX  0   0 16



  [ 3] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 0001a0 000031 00      0   0  1



  [ 4] .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 0001e0 000080 10      5   7  4



  [ 5] .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 000260 000029 00      0   0  1



  [ 6] .rel.text         REL             00000000 000290 000008 08      4   2  4

$ readelf -a ./syscall.o

ELF Header:s:

  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

  Class:                             ELF32unknown)

  Data:                              2's complement, little endianpecific)

  Version:                           1 (current)

  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V

  ABI Version:                       0

  Type:                              REL (Relocatable file)

  Machine:                           Intel 80386

  Version:                           0x1 0x290 contains 1 entries:

  Entry point address:               0x0Value  Sym. Name

  Start of program headers:          0 (bytes into file)

  Start of section headers:          64 (bytes into file)

  Flags:                             0x0e.

  Size of this header:               52 (bytes)

  Size of program headers:           0 (bytes)

  Number of program headers:         0Vis      Ndx Name

  Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)UND

  Number of section headers:         7DEFAULT  ABS syscall.asm

  Section header string table index: 3DEFAULT    1

     3: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    2

Section Headers:     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 hello

  [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al

  [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0

  [ 1] .data             PROGBITS        00000000 000160 00000d 00  WA  0   0  4

  [ 2] .text             PROGBITS        00000000 000170 00002b 00  AX  0   0 16

  [ 3] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 0001a0 000031 00      0   0  1

  [ 4] .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 0001e0 000080 10      5   7  4

  [ 5] .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 000260 000029 00      0   0  1

  [ 6] .rel.text         REL             00000000 000290 000008 08      4   2  4

Key to Flags:

  W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings)

  I (info), L (link order), G (group), x (unknown)

  O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)



There are no section groups in this file.



There are no program headers in this file.



Relocation section '.rel.text' at offset 0x290 contains 1 entries:

 Offset     Info    Type            Sym.Value  Sym. Name

00000011  00000201 R_386_32          00000000   .data



There are no unwind sections in this file.



Symbol table '.symtab' contains 8 entries:

   Num:    Value  Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name

     0: 00000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND

     1: 00000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS syscall.asm

     2: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    1

     3: 00000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    2

     4: 00000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 hello

     5: 0000000d     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS helloLen

     6: 00000005     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 _loop

     7: 00000000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT    2 _start



No version information found in this file.

Relacing OpenJDK with Oracle/Sun Java SDK as default java

2011-07-05T20:07:00.000-07:00

According to some sources, Sun/Oracle JDK or JRE is slightly faster than OpenJDK. To install the SunJDK without removing the OpenJDK is as follow:

Download the SDK from here
Install the SDK. For example: sudo rpm -Uvih <sdk rpmfile> or sudo sh ./<sdk bin file>
Once it is installed, copy-paste the following script and execute it

#!/bin/sh

for FP in /usr/java/default/bin/* ; do
   NAME=${FP##*/}
   echo installing $NAME
   sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/${NAME} ${NAME} /usr/java/default/bin/${NAME} 20000
   alternatives --display "${NAME}" | grep "${NAME}"
done

New Nook v.s. Amazon Kindle

2011-06-12T20:56:00.001-07:00

Today I went to Barnes & Noble store and attracted with a Nook display. Coincidentally, I was also carrying my Kindle with me, so now I have a chance to compare it visually. First of all, the overall physical size of the new Nook is smaller than Kindle, because it has got rid of physical keyboard. Instead, a visual keyboard would be displayed whenever needed. As you might have known, this new Nook is now equipped with touch screen and I guess it is capacitive touch screen as it is very responsive. The screen area is actually about the same as Kindle's screen.

For the resolution, Kindle is tad better. This is based on my visual check by starring at each screen very closely (I got to remove my glasses to get better visual). Letters on Kindle are darker and smoother (but not much better), but Nook screen is whiter. Screen refresh rate (refresh between page) is faster on the Nook. Page buttons are located the same as Kindle (page-up and page-down are on left and right edge of the body). For the weight, I guess Kindle is slightly lighter on my hand, but it's hard to make a correct and accurate judgment without put them on scale.

Something interesting is the power life. Nook is apparently is the winner, at least according to the sales person. It can last up to 2 months with Wi-Fi turned off, while on Kindle is about a month. Price wise, Kindle is a bit cheaper, especially if we're OK with ads-supplied screen-saver version of it. On Amazon website, the ads-supported version is $114 (with no sales tax if we buy from California, and no shipping cost), while the Nook is $139 + sales tax. The web browser on Nook is better.

For the collection of books available, Amazon seems has little bit more selection, but B&N is catching up quickly too. A feature that's not available on Kindle is "Rent" and "Read in store", and this would make Nook very appealing for some users who want to borrow a book from friend or just want to read a book in B&N store (although not all e-books can be read or rented). I hope Amazon will match it with the similar offering. Nook is also EPUB-compatible reader, while Amazon's Kindle uses a proprietary format (Mobile-pocket-based MOBI format with DRM added). While many books can be converted with a tool such as Calibre (EPUB to MOBI and vice versa), others are nonconvertible.

Internally, they both are based on Linux, although Nook is Android-base. No surprise the Nook is faster because it uses more recent hardware, while Kindle has been a year old in the market. I think Amazon is preparing a next gen one. Just wait and see a couple of months as rumors say the will introduce the new one. The rumor also says Kindle might have a touch screen too (some people in the internet forum wish Amazon not to arm it with a touch screen. I don't understand what's the reason behind it yet).

Overall, I guess they tie in many comparisons. Only our preferences can tell which one to buy. If I haven't had Kindle, I might buy this new Nook because it's cute (very portable and almost fit in my shirt pocket) and has some features not available on Kindle.

=-=-=-=-=
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Fedora 15 & GNOME 3 Crash.

2011-06-09T22:49:00.000-07:00

Some PCs have issues when installed with Fedora 15 and GNOME 3 as its desktop manager. On my Compaq Presario R3000 labptop, I was unable to login due to crash in subsystem (gnome-shell). When I tried to login, it display a message something like "unrecovered ...".

The problem is that GNOME3 is not stable enough to be run on some machines/video cards with 3D (perhaps Nouveau driver unable to execute 100% of the required GNOME3 features?). Some people in the Internet said that by executing the following command it should fix the issue, but not in my case:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session session-name gnome-fallback

After googling around, I found a good solution:

sudo rpm --nodeps -e gnome-shell 

This has fixed my GNOME problem. I could now login to the fallback mode (GNOME2-like)

PlayList format and translation

2011-05-25T17:31:00.000-07:00

Sandisk Sansa mp3 player may have playlists of mp3 files. These files are stored in \PLAYLIST.
The format of playlist is actullay in UTF-16LE. In order to translate it to an ASCII (UTF-8) format, we can use a command line tool in Unix/Linux (available in Cygwin for Windows too).

Here's an example how to convert a playlist to a text format:

bash-3.2$ iconv -f UTF-16LE -t UTF-8 playlist.pla
PLP PLAYLIST
VERSION 1.20

HARP, MUSIC\James Blunt\All The Lost Souls\10_-_i_can't_hear_the_music_-_all_the_lost_souls.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\James Blunt\All The Lost Souls\09_-_annie_-_all_the_lost_souls.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\James Blunt\All The Lost Souls\04_-_same_mistake_-_all_the_lost_souls.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\James Blunt\All The Lost Souls\01_-_1973_-_all_the_lost_souls.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Queen\Queen - Greatest Hits Cd1\01_-_bohemian_rhapsody_-_queen_-_greatest_hits_cd1.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Queen\Queen - Greatest Hits Cd1\05_-_bicycle_race_-_queen_-_greatest_hits_cd1.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Queen\Queen - Greatest Hits Cd1\16_-_we_will_rock_you_-_queen_-_greatest_hits_cd1.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Queen\Queen - Greatest Hits Cd1\17_-_we_are_the_champions_-_queen_-_greatest_hits_cd1.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Queen\Queen - Greatest Hits Cd2\07_-_it's_a_hard_life_-_queen_-_greatest_hits_cd2.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Queen\Queen - Greatest Hits Cd2\11_-_the_miracle_-_queen_-_greatest_hits_cd2.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Queen\Queen - Greatest Hits Cd2\15_-_friends_will_be_friends_-_queen_-_greatest_hits_cd2.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Queen\Queen - Greatest Hits Cd2\16_-_the_show_must_go_on_-_queen_-_greatest_hits_cd2.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Eric Clapton\Unplugged\07_-_layla_-_unplugged.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Rihanna\Good Girl Gone Bad\{1]03_-_don't_stop_the_music_-_good_girl_gone_bad.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\OneRepublic\Dreaming Out Loud\{1]03_-_stop_and_stare_-_dreaming_out_loud.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Colbie Caillat\Coco\{1]07_-_realize_-_coco.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Timbaland\Shock Value\{1]16_-_apologize_(feat._one_republic)_-_shock_value.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Ennio Morricone\Kill Bill Vol.2\03_-_il_tramanto_-_kill_bill_vol.2.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Charlie Feathers\Kill Bill Vol.2\04_-_cant_hardly_stand_it_-_kill_bill_vol.2.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Lole Y Manuel\Kill Bill Vol.2\05_-_tu_mira_(edit)_-_kill_bill_vol.2.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Luis Bacalov\Kill Bill Vol.2\06_-_summertime_killer_-_kill_bill_vol.2.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Alan Reeves Phil Steele And P\Kill Bill Vol.2\07_-_the_chase_-_kill_bill_vol.2.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Ennio Morricone\Kill Bill Vol.2\09_-_l_arena_-_kill_bill_vol.2.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Malcolm Mclaren\Kill Bill Vol.2\12_-_about_her_-_kill_bill_vol.2.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Chingon\Kill Bill Vol.2\14_-_malaguena_salerosa_-_kill_bill_vol.2.mp3
HARP, MUSIC\Meiko Kaji\Kill Bill Vol.2\15_-_urami_bushi_-_kill_bill_vol.2.mp3
bash-3.2$

To create a playlist, we just reverse the format and redirect the output to a file (with extension pla) and then copy the generated file to Sansa's PLAYLIST folder. Just to remember, the path of each file is relative to MUSIC folder.

Script to find latitude and longitude

2011-05-24T14:16:00.000-07:00

The following script utilize Yahoo geocode API to find longitude and langitude of any location.

#!/bin/sh

converter="http://api.maps.yahoo.com/ajax/geocode?appid=onestep&qt=1&id=m&qs="

addr="$(echo $1 | sed 's/ /+/g')"
values="$(curl -s $converter$addr | cut -d\" -f13,15 |sed 's/[^0-9\.\,\-]//g; s/,$//')"

lat1=$(echo $values | cut -d, -f1)
long1=$(echo $values | cut -d, -f2)

echo "Lat=$lat1"
echo "Long=$long1"

(Save the above script to file and chmod to be executable).
For example:

>latlong 1465 mcdowell blvd, petaluma ca 94954
Lat=-33.869629
Long=151.206955

>latlong jakarta, indonesia

Lat=-6.17144

Long=106.82782

iMac v.s. AsusTek All-in-One PC

2011-05-03T21:58:00.000-07:00

AsusTek All-in-One PC:

Price: $1,719.26 at 2020pc.com (free shipping + no tax)

General
Type	Personal computer
Product Form Factor	All-in-one
Built-in Devices	Touch screen
Width	22.9 in
Depth	2 in
Height	19.5 in
Weight	28.7 lbs
Color	Black
Bundled with	3D glasses
Processor
Type	Intel Core i7 740QM / 1.73 GHz
Multi-Core Technology	Quad-Core
64-bit Computing	Yes
Installed Qty	1
Max Supported Qty	1
Mainboard
Chipset Type	Mobile Intel HM55 Express
RAM
Installed Size	8 GB / 8 GB (max)
Technology	DDR3 SDRAM
Memory Speed	1333 MHz
Form Factor	SO DIMM 204-pin
Configuration Features	4 x 2 GB
Storage Controller
Type	1 x Serial ATA - integrated
Controller Interface Type	Serial ATA-300
Storage
Hard Drive	1 x 1 TB - standard - Serial ATA-300 - 7200 rpm
Optical Storage
Type	DVD-Writer / BD-ROM
Card Reader
Type	Card reader
Supported Flash Memory Cards	SD Memory Card, SDXC Memory Card
Monitor
Monitor Type	LCD display - 3D Ready - TFT active matrix - Multi-Touch
Diagonal Size	23.6"
Max Resolution	1920 x 1080 ( Full HD )
Widescreen Display	Yes
Image Aspect Ratio	16:9
Graphics Controller
Type	Plug-in card
Graphics Processor / Vendor	NVIDIA GeForce GTX 460M
Video Memory	1.5 GB
Digital Video Standard	High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
Multimedia Functionality
TV Tuner Type	Digital TV
Digital TV Reception	ATSC
Audio Output
Type	Sound card
Sound Output Mode	Stereo
Camera
Form Factor	Integrated
Sensor Resolution	1.3 Megapixel
Input Device
Type	Mouse, keyboard
Keyboard
Connectivity	Wireless
Mouse
Connectivity	Wireless
Audio Input
Type	Microphone
Networking
Networking	Network adapter
Wireless LAN Supported	Yes
Data Link Protocol	Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, Bluetooth 3.0
Compliant Standards	IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, Bluetooth 3.0
Expansion / Connectivity
Expansion Bays Total (Free)	Internal - 3.5"
Expansion Slots Total (Free)	1 ( 0 ) x processor 4 ( 0 ) x memory - SO DIMM 204-pin
Interfaces	4 x Hi-Speed USB - 4 pin USB Type A 1 x network - Ethernet 10Base-T/100Base-TX/1000Base-T - RJ-45 2 x SuperSpeed USB - 9 pin USB Type A 1 x microphone - input - mini-phone 3.5 mm 1 x headphones - output - mini-phone stereo 3.5 mm 1 x display / video - VGA input - 15 pin HD D-Sub (HD-15) 1 x audio / video - HDMI - 19 pin HDMI Type A 1 x display / video - TV-in
Miscellaneous
Included Accessories	Remote control
Features	ASUS Super Hybrid Engine, ASUS SonicMaster
Power
Device Type	Power adapter
Power Provided	230 Watt
Operating System / Software
OS Provided	Microsoft Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit Edition
Microsoft Office Preloaded	Includes a pre-loaded image of select Microsoft Office 2010 suites. Purchase an Office 2010 Product Key Card or disc to activate preloaded software on this PC.
Environmental Standards
ENERGY STAR Qualified	Yes
Manufacturer Warranty
Service & Support	1 year warranty
Service & Support Details	Limited warranty - 1 year
Universal Product Identifiers
Brand	ASUSTeK COMPUTER
Part Number	ET2400XVT-B011E
GTIN	00610839324255

Advantage: USB-3

21.5-inch iMac

$1,899.00 at Apple Store/online (free shipping, but there's sales tax)
$100 discount for students

21.5-inch iMac

Ships: 1-3 business days
Part number: Z0M5

Configuration

2.8GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i7
8GB 1333MHz DDR3 SDRAM - 2x4GB
1TB Serial ATA Drive
AMD Radeon HD 6770M 512MB GDDR5

Apple Magic Mouse
Apple Wireless Keyboard (English) & User's Guide
Accessory Kit

Advantage: Thunderbolt connection (10 Gbps)

At the end, almost-apple-to-apple comparison (for students) is: 1799+167.11% (CA sales tax) - 1719.25 = 1966.11 - about $250 difference (that's more than the cost for 2 TB USB-3.0 external Hard Drive )

NVIDIA Legacy 96.43.xx with Linux Kernel 2.6.37 or newer

2011-03-27T11:28:00.000-07:00

The NVIDIA driver below proven to work with Linux kernel 2.6.37:

ftp://download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86/96.43.19/

Just run and install the *-pkg1.run

Binary-tree test

2011-03-26T00:13:00.000-07:00

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <time.h>

/* 
 Helper function that allocates a new node with the given data and NULL left and right pointers. 
*/ 


typedef struct node {
 int data;
 struct node *left;
 struct node *right;
} NodeT;


NodeT* NewNode(int data);
void BTreeLog(const char *fmt, ...);

typedef int (*BTreeCompFunc)(NodeT* node, void *data);

NodeT* BTreeNewNode(int data) 
{ 
 NodeT* node = (NodeT*)malloc(sizeof(NodeT));    // "new" is like "malloc" 
 node->data = data; 
 node->left = NULL; 
 node->right = NULL;
 BTreeLog("BTreeNewNode: new node=0x%X, data=%d\n", node, data);
    return(node); 
} 
     

void BTreeLog(const char *fmt, ...)
{
#ifdef __ENABLE_LOG__  
 char buf[256];
 va_list ap;
 int n;
 
 va_start(ap, fmt);
 n = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
 printf("%s", buf);
 va_end(ap);
#endif 
}


int BTreeCompare(NodeT* node, void *data)
{
 if (*((int*)data) < node->data)
  return -1;
 if (*((int*)data) > node->data)
  return 1;
 return 0;
}  
/* 
  Give a binary search tree and a number, BTreeInserts a new node 
  with the given number in the correct place in the tree. 
  Returns the new root pointer which the caller should 
  then use (the standard trick to avoid using reference 
  parameters). 
*/ 

NodeT* BTreeInsert(NodeT* node, int data, BTreeCompFunc comp)
{ 
 // 1. If the tree is empty, return a new, single node 
 if (NULL == node) 
 { 
  BTreeLog("New Entry: %d\n", data);
  return BTreeNewNode(data); 
    } 
 else { 
  // 2. Otherwise, recur down the tree 
     if (comp(node, &data) == -1) {
   /*BTreeLog("BTreeInsert: left; data=%d, node=0x%X, left=0x%X, right=0x%X\n", 
       data, node, node->left, node->right);
   */    
   node->left = BTreeInsert(node->left, data, comp); 
  } 
  else {
   /* 
   BTreeLog("BTreeInsert: right; data=%d, node=0x%X, left=0x%X, right=0x%X\n", 
       data, node, node->left, node->right);
   */    
   node->right = BTreeInsert(node->right, data, comp);
  } 
 }
 return(node); // return the (unchanged) node pointer 
}


void BTreeDeleteAll(NodeT* pNode)
{
 if (pNode)
 {
  if (pNode->left)
  {
   BTreeDeleteAll(pNode->left);
  } 
  if (pNode->right)
  {
   BTreeDeleteAll(pNode->right);
  } 
  BTreeLog("BTreeDeleteAll: pNode=0x%X, data=%d\n", pNode, pNode->data);
  free(pNode);
  //pNode->left = NULL;
  //pNode->right = NULL;
 }
}

NodeT *BTreeSearch(NodeT* pNode, int data, BTreeCompFunc comp)
{
 int cmp; 
 if (pNode) {
  cmp = comp(pNode, &data); 
  if (cmp == 0)
   return pNode;
  else 
  if (cmp == -1)
  {
   /* data < pnode->data */
   pNode = BTreeSearch(pNode->left, data, comp); 
  }
  else {
   pNode = BTreeSearch(pNode->right, data, comp);
  } 
 }
 //BTreeLog("Comp...\n");
 return pNode;
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
 NodeT* root = NULL;
 NodeT* node;
 unsigned int n,i;
 int data1, data2;
 unsigned int count;

 srand(time(NULL));
 BTreeLog("BTree demo\n");
 n = rand() % 100;
 root = BTreeInsert(root, n, BTreeCompare);
 data2 = 4750;
 n = 10000000;
 for (i=0, count=0; i<n; i++)
 {
  data1 = rand()%n;
  /* insert unique entry */
  if (BTreeSearch(root, data1, BTreeCompare) == NULL) {
   BTreeInsert(root, data1, BTreeCompare);
   count++;
  } 
 }
 BTreeInsert(root, data2, BTreeCompare);
 printf("Just inserted %d entries into Binary-tree\n", count+1);
 node = BTreeSearch(root, data2, BTreeCompare);
 printf("\n\n\n\n");
 if (node) {
  printf("!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Found node=0x%X for data=%d\n", node, data2);
 }
 printf("\n\n\n\n");
 BTreeDeleteAll(root);
}

Linux Init

2011-03-23T19:19:00.000-07:00

LINUX INIT
--------------
This is the mother of all other userspace's processes.

Where to find it?
In the util-linux package (to be found at ftp.*.kernel.org) for simpleinit or in the sysvinit package for SysV init.

Probably also in [sunsite|metalab].unc.edu or ftp.debian.org

Title: sysvinit and utilities
Version: 2.78
Entered-Date: 11FEB2000
Description: This is the Linux System V init.
   The source package has the debian build files included.
   This version can be compiled with glibc 2.0.6 and up.
Author: miquels@cistron.nl (Miquel van Smoorenburg)
Primary-Site: sunsite.unc.edu /pub/Linux/system/daemons/init
   109K sysvinit-2.78.tar.gz
Alternate-Site: ftp.cistron.nl /pub/people/miquels/software
   109K sysvinit-2.78.tar.gz
Alternate-Site: ftp.debian.org /debian/dists/potato/main/source/base
   108K sysvinit_2.78-X.tar.gz
Copying-Policy: GPL
Keywords: init shutdown halt reboot
End

ftp.debian.org:/debian/dists/potato/main/source/base/sysvinit_2.78-2.tar.gz

https://build.opensuse.org/package/files?package=sysvinit&project=YaST%3AWeb

Some properties:

#define VT_MASTER "/dev/tty0" /* Virtual console master */
#define CONSOLE "/dev/console" /* Logical system console */
#define SECURETTY "/etc/securetty" /* List of root terminals */
#define SDALLOW "/etc/shutdown.allow" /* Users allowed to shutdown */
#define INITTAB "/etc/inittab" /* Location of inittab */
#define INIT "/sbin/init" /* Location of init itself. */
#define NOLOGIN "/etc/nologin" /* Stop user logging in. */
#define FASTBOOT "/fastboot" /* Enable fast boot. */
#define FORCEFSCK "/forcefsck" /* Force fsck on boot */
#define SDPID "/var/run/shutdown.pid" /* PID of shutdown program */
#define SHELL "/bin/sh" /* Default shell */
#define SULOGIN "/sbin/sulogin" /* Sulogin */
#define INITSCRIPT "/etc/initscript" /* Initscript. */
#define PWRSTAT_OLD "/etc/powerstatus" /* COMPAT: SIGPWR reason (OK/BAD) */
#define PWRSTAT "/var/run/powerstatus" /* COMPAT: SIGPWR reason (OK/BAD) */

#if 0
#define INITLVL "/etc/initrunlvl" /* COMPAT: New runlevel */
#define INITLVL2 "/var/log/initrunlvl" /* COMPAT: New runlevel */
/* Note: INITLVL2 definition needs INITLVL */
#define HALTSCRIPT1 "/etc/init.d/halt" /* Called by "fast" shutdown */
#define HALTSCRIPT2 "/etc/rc.d/rc.0" /* Called by "fast" shutdown */
#define REBOOTSCRIPT1 "/etc/init.d/reboot" /* Ditto. */
#define REBOOTSCRIPT2 "/etc/rc.d/rc.6" /* Ditto. */

- It exits if UID is != 0 (root)
- It exits if PID != 1 (the first process in Kernel's userspace)
- It check command-line args:
   "single", "-s" : dfl_level is set to 'S'
   "-a", "auto" : set environment "AUTOBOOT=YES"
   "-b", "emergency" : emerg_shell = 1
   "-z" : ignore -z xxxx
   any of [0-9],[sS] : dfl_level is set accordingly to that level

- set default environment PATH to "/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin"
- say "@(#) init version 2.89 DATE 26-Mar-2010 miquels@cistron.nl booting" into syslog
- spawn/fork to emergency shell if emerg_shell == 1
- read inittab and configure setting based on the settings stored in INITTAB

init.c: main() ---> setproctitle()
   |
   |
   V
init_main() ----------------------------> read_inittab()
| | |
| | |
| | V
| | init_reboot(BMAGIC_SOFT)
| |
| |
| V
| ioctl(f, KDSIGACCEPT, SIGWINCH): tell kernel SIGACCEPT
|
+---> set a bunch of signals' flags
|
+----> console_init(), open /dev/CONSOLE (or otherwise if specified in env "CONSOLE") for O_RDONLY
|
+----> console_stty() : Set terminal settings to reasonable defaults
|
+----> set default environment PATH to "/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin"
|
loop forever by doing this stuf:
   1) boot transitions
   2) Read from the init FIFO by calling check_init_fifo():
   2.1) try to create /dev/initctl if not present.
   2.2) If /dev/initctl is open, stat the file to see if it is still the _same_ inode
   2.3) try to open /dev/initctl
   2.4) Read data from the pipe, return on EINTR
   2.5) console_init
   2.6) process requests (e.g., runlevel change request, power fail request, set env)

   3) check the 'failing' flags
   4) process any signal:
   4.1) SIGPWR event/signal
   4.2) SIGINT
   4.3) SIGWINCH
   4.4) SIGALRM
   4.5) SIGCHLD
   4.6) SIGHUP
   5) See whether we need to start up (again)

BOOT TRANSITION FSM
--------------------

   '#' (SYSINIT) --+-----> '*' (BOOT) ------> (NORMAL)
   | ^
   | |
   newlevel=='S'| | !did_boot && newlevel != 'S'
   | |
   +-----> 'S' (INIT)
   ^
   |
   |
   start here

Interactive map of Linux kernel

2011-03-03T16:50:00.000-08:00

Interactive map of Linux kernel

Are We Ready with e-Magazine?

2011-02-15T15:53:00.000-08:00

Today Apple's Steve Jobs announced the subscription service for magazine subscription is now supported. The similar service has been available in Amazon for its Kindle for sometime. But regardless the availability, Dol we really want to read magazines on an electronic gadget?

Here's my experience using different e-readers, both on PC, iPhone, iPad and Kindle. First of all, reading magazines on iPad has the most interesting experience because its bigger footprint than iPhone and interactivity thru its touch screen. For the easiness to our eyes, Kindle prevails, but with no color as its main downside. Reading on PC's monitor is also a good experience, except it's too bulky to carry notebook during travel, let alone reading on desktop.

Another aspect we need to pay attention is the cost of subscription (and yes, this is really a turnoff, at least for me). For example, I subscribe to Reader's Digest for about $2 a year, while on Amazon they charge about $2 per edition (one magazine a year, so total subscription is about $20). A paper TIME magazine subscription, through Ad subsidy, only charge me about $15/year. Amazon charges about $2 per magazine. I bet Apple will charge about the same. It's so non-sense and doesn't make sense! Both Apple, Amazon and the publishers want to rip us off and trick us to pay so much for less! Publishing an e-Magazine costs almost nothing (99.9% of the cost is from the operational costs including the editors/writers, unlike paper-based magazines where they have to print it and distribute it).

Another issue with e-Magazine is the magazines we already one are unsharable, unless they are DRM-free. With paper magazine, we can lend the magazine to friends and let them read free-of-charge and as long as we let them borrow it. Some e-book readers have this borrow-a-book feature, but it is still limited and not convenience to use. Also, format compatibility is a big issue right now, at least between Amazon's AZW and others' EPUB (iBook uses EPUB as well as Nook and other majority of e-readers). If we buy a magazine from Amazon, it cannot be read on iPad, unless we install Kindle-for-iPad/iPhone application for it.

The only benefit of subscribing to e-Magazine right now is that it reduces clutters of magazines. A Kindle can store thousands of magazines (depends on the content. If the magazine has alot of pictures, the size will be bigger), iPad can even store much more.

So, the bottom line is that we're (or at least me) not ready to migrate to read e-magazine yet. Maybe some people can take some advantages of reading an e-magazine, but for most people it is not cost-effective yet. Once it's become so ubiquitous and ads are everywhere in the e-magazines to offset the cost, perhaps it's the time we shall migrate to this environment-friendly magazine. Oh, don't forget also by reading paper e-magazine, we support many people's live too, from workers at printing facilities, paper companies, newstand guys to truck drivers!

Android vs iOS based Tablets

2011-02-15T13:44:00.000-08:00

Many web sites do comparison between Android-based tablets and iPad, but unfortunately almost none of them mention about one important thing: upward/downward binary-compatibility.

What does that mean? OK, we now that a software or an application is actually stored in file. On desktop operating systems (Windows, Mac, Linux etc.), these files are executable on their respective O/S, but only for specific machine.

iPad (or iPhone) Applications are actually binary applications similar the ones we find on Windows or Mac in that they contain machine instructions directly instruct each step to be taken by CPU. The instruction set is specific to the CPU it is built on (for example, iPad app cannot run on Windows or Linux, unless we have an emulator to translate the machine code on-the-fly).

The mechanism of running application is Android is slightly different. Although Android O/S kernel is based on Linux, its applications run on top of a Java virtual machine called "Dalvik". It specifies its own instruction set, outside the platform it runs on (Linux). It acts as a new realm in a realm. The benefit is that we can run Android application on any machine we like (as long as we have the Android O/S compiled and run on the specific CPU). theoritically, an application built for Android running on MIPS CPU can also run on Intel CPU so on.

Why it is important? because developers are no more tied to develop an application specific to a CPU. They can just develop once and it will run on various machines.

Query syntax in Google Spreadsheet

2011-02-12T11:39:00.000-08:00

I was calculating my expenses related to medical for the purpose of Tax report. All my data is recorded in a spreadsheet in Google Spreadsheet. After experimenting, I am now pleased with its formula, especially the power of query syntax (similar to SQL syntax).

Assume a spreadsheet named "2010" where it contains tax-deductible data. Row 1 cells contain title. Actual data starts from row 2 to row 419 (range is A2 to J419)

Cells in column G contains expenses related to medical. Each Cell in column J contain text, where for medical-related expense it should contain "medical" etc.

Now, to calculate the sum of all medical-related expenses, we can put the following formula somewhere in empty cell down below as:

=query('2010'!$G$2:$J$419;"select sum(G) where J contains 'edical' "; 0)

contains query is not exact-matching, so the logic is still TRUE even if we have "medical" or "Medical".

The reason I omit "m" in "medical" is to avoid case-sensitive query (I might put "Medical" instead of "medical" in my data). We can also put LOWER() function for J to force case-insensitive matching so it will still match any case of the letters, for example:

=query('2010'!$G$2:$J$419;"select sum(G) where LOWER(J) contains 'medical' "; 0)

In this case, I put the formula in another spreadsheet (that's why you see prefix '2010' there to refer to spreadsheet named "2010").

To do logical NOT, the syntax is "NOT J contains 'edical". If you want to do logical AND, put AND in front of NOT, so it will be: "NOT J contains 'medical' AND NOT J contains 'dental' "

There are many more formulas we can experiment: MATCH(), FILTER() and so on.

Another Interview Question

2011-01-04T16:44:00.000-08:00

This is an interview question for software engineer position at USAA:

"A train leaves San Antonio for Houston at 60 mph. Another train leaves Houston for San Antonio at 80 mph. Houston and San Antonio are 300 miles apart. If a bird leaves San Antonio at 100 mph, and turns around and flies back once it reaches the Houston train, and continues to fly between the two, how far will it have flown when they collide?"

First, we need to draw a line to analyze this:

|<------------------------- 300 ------------------------------|
SA                                                            H
 --------60------->             <--------80 ------------------|

When these two trains collide, the distance between them is d = 0, or 60*t = 300 - 80*t, solving this equation we get t = 300/140 hours = 15/7 = 2.143 hours. Meanwhile, for the bird the equation is: 100*t = 300 - 80*t, or t = 300/180 = 1.667 hours. This is the time when the bird reaches Houston train and turns around. How far it has traveled from SA? 100*1.667 = 166.7 miles. For this duration, SA train has traveled 60*1.667 = 100.02 miles toward Houston. The distance between the bird (now flying back toward SA) and SA train is = 166.7 - 100.02 = 66.68 miles. How many minutes before the bird hits the SA train? We use the similar equation:

|<------------------------- 66.68 ------------------------------|
SA                                                            H
 --------60------->             <--------100 -------------------|

Or, 60*T = 66.68 - 100*T T = 66.68/160 = 0.41675 hours. Total travel time for the bird: t + T = 1.667 + 0.41675 = 2.08375 hours (and it occurs before these two trains collide each other). Total travel distance for the bird: 100 mph * 2.08375 hours = 208.375 miles

Interesting Algorithm question in Facebook Interview

2011-01-04T14:51:00.000-08:00

The question is:

"Given a number in range of 1 to n, what is minimum number of guesses needed to find a specific number if you're just given an answer either "higher" or "lower" for each guess you make"

It sounds tricky, but actually the answer is very simple.

Here's the illustration:

the number to be guessed
                                             |  
                                             V
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
min                              ^                                    max
                                 |
                                 |
                             your guess

Using common method of binary searching, our guess starts from: min + (max-min)/2 or a number in the middle of the range (divide-and-conquer). If our guess is lower than the number, we're given "LOWER" and vice versa.

As the number to be guessed is random, it is possible the number falls right in the middle of the range and matches our first guess. So the answer of this question is (the key of this question is "minimum number of guesses") is 1.

SSE built-in functions in GCC

2010-12-30T16:14:00.000-08:00

int __builtin_ia32_comieq (v4sf, v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_comineq (v4sf, v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_comilt (v4sf, v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_comile (v4sf, v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_comigt (v4sf, v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_comige (v4sf, v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_ucomieq (v4sf, v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_ucomineq (v4sf, v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_ucomilt (v4sf, v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_ucomile (v4sf, v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_ucomigt (v4sf, v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_ucomige (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_addps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_subps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_mulps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_divps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_addss (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_subss (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_mulss (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_divss (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpeqps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpltps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpleps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpgtps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpgeps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpunordps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpneqps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpnltps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpnleps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpngtps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpngeps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpordps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpeqss (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpltss (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpless (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpunordss (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpneqss (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpnlts (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpnless (v4sf, v4sf)
v4si __builtin_ia32_cmpordss (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_maxps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_maxss (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_minps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_minss (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_andps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_andnps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_orps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_xorps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_movss (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_movhlps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_movlhps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_unpckhps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_unpcklps (v4sf, v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_cvtpi2ps (v4sf, v2si)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_cvtsi2ss (v4sf, int)
v2si __builtin_ia32_cvtps2pi (v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_cvtss2si (v4sf)
v2si __builtin_ia32_cvttps2pi (v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_cvttss2si (v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_rcpps (v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_rsqrtps (v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_sqrtps (v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_rcpss (v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_rsqrtss (v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_sqrtss (v4sf)
v4sf __builtin_ia32_shufps (v4sf, v4sf, int)
void __builtin_ia32_movntps (float *, v4sf)
int __builtin_ia32_movmskps (v4sf)

The following built-in functions are available when -msse is used.

v4sf __builtin_ia32_loadaps (float *)
Generates the movaps machine instruction as a load from memory. 
void __builtin_ia32_storeaps (float *, v4sf)
Generates the movaps machine instruction as a store to memory. 
v4sf __builtin_ia32_loadups (float *)
Generates the movups machine instruction as a load from memory. 
void __builtin_ia32_storeups (float *, v4sf)
Generates the movups machine instruction as a store to memory. 
v4sf __builtin_ia32_loadsss (float *)
Generates the movss machine instruction as a load from memory. 
void __builtin_ia32_storess (float *, v4sf)
Generates the movss machine instruction as a store to memory. 
v4sf __builtin_ia32_loadhps (v4sf, v2si *)
Generates the movhps machine instruction as a load from memory. 
v4sf __builtin_ia32_loadlps (v4sf, v2si *)
Generates the movlps machine instruction as a load from memory 
void __builtin_ia32_storehps (v4sf, v2si *)
Generates the movhps machine instruction as a store to memory. 
void __builtin_ia32_storelps (v4sf, v2si *)
Generates the movlps machine instruction as a store to memory.

Vector Addition using SIMD

2010-12-29T13:35:00.000-08:00

#include 

#define VECTOR_SIZE         4
typedef float v4sf __attribute__ ((vector_size(sizeof(float)*VECTOR_SIZE))); // vector of four singl
e floats

typedef union f4vector
{
    v4sf    v;
    float   f[VECTOR_SIZE];
} f4vector;


void print_vector (f4vector *v)
{
    printf("%f,%f,%f,%f\n", v->f[0], v->f[1], v->f[2], v->f[3]);
}

int main()
{
    union f4vector a, b, c;

    a.v = (v4sf){1., 2., 3., 4.};
    b.v = (v4sf){5., 6., 7., 8.};
    c.v = a.v + b.v;

    print_vector(&a);
    print_vector(&b);
    print_vector(&c);
}

Compile with the following command:

gcc -ggdb -mtune=pentium3 -march=pentium3 -c -O3 -ffast-math -mfpmath=sse -msse5 sse.c

To test, just link the object code to binary:

gcc -lm sse.o -o sse

$ ./sse
1.000000,2.000000,3.000000,4.000000
5.000000,6.000000,7.000000,8.000000
6.000000,8.000000,10.000000,12.000000

The assembled code:

$ objdump -dS ./sse.o | grep -2 c.v | tail -8
  7c:   0f 58 c1                addps  %xmm1,%xmm0
  7f:   0f 29 45 c8             movaps %xmm0,-0x38(%ebp)
--
 120:   f2 0f 11 44 24 04       movsd  %xmm0,0x4(%esp)
 126:   e8 00 00 00 00          call   12b <_main+0xdb>
        c.v = a.v + b.v;

        print_vector(&a);

As we can see, it's very optimized where adding 4 components of vector a and b is done in one SSE instruction (addps) instead of multiple instructions if we don't use -msse and -mfpmath=sse

How fast is the program?

$ time ./sse
1.000000,2.000000,3.000000,4.000000
5.000000,6.000000,7.000000,8.000000
6.000000,8.000000,10.000000,12.000000

real    0m0.109s
user    0m0.046s
sys     0m0.030s

Mac OSX Lion: Another Windows remake?

2010-12-23T10:40:00.000-08:00

Apple has just updated its website and now it announces that they plan to release another Mac OS-X named "Lion". A sneak peak to the features, some of the features are not really "wow" me and even seems too-old to be a breakthrough. For example, "LauchPad". Windows xx has had it for long time as "Desktop icons". Another one is "Mission Control" which the similar feature has been in Windows 7 for awhile.

Unfortunately, Apple has not revealed all the features they plan to put in OS-X. Not sure if the upgrade worth the cost of upgrade (well, if it is only $25 upgrade I'll just go ahead and upgrade mine).

Running Linux on USB Flash from VirtualBox

2010-11-20T12:54:00.001-08:00

See http://www.pendrivelinux.com/boot-a-usb-flash-drive-in-virtualbox/#more-3606

Downsampling MP3 file

2010-11-14T20:37:00.000-08:00

#!/usr/bin/tclsh

set ffmpeg [exec which ffmpeg]
puts "ffmpeg  = $ffmpeg"
if { [llength $argv] < 2 } {
    puts "\n$argv0  n bps\n"
    exit -1
}
set fi [lindex $argv 0]
set br [lindex $argv 1]
puts "$fi"
puts "target $br bps"

if { [regexp -all {(.*)\.([mM][pP]3)} $fi a b c] } {
    set fo "${b}_${br}bps.$c"
    puts "$fi ==> $fo, ext=$c, new bitrate=$br"
    set id3 [exec id3v2 -l $fi]
    set id3par ""
    if { [regexp -line {TIT2.*: (.*)\n} $id3 dummy title c] } { puts Title=$title }
    if { [regexp -line {TPE1.*: (.*)\n} $id3 dummy singer c] } { puts singer=$singer }
    if { [regexp -line {TALB.*: (.*)\n} $id3 dummy album c] } { puts album=$album }
    if { [regexp -line {TYER.*: (.*)\n} $id3 dummy year c] } { puts year=$year }
    if { [regexp -line {TCON.*\(([0-9]+)\)\n} $id3 dummy genre c] } { puts genre=$genre }
    set cmd "$ffmpeg -threads 16 -y -ab $br -i $fi $fo"
    if {![file exists $fo]} {
        if { [catch { set res [eval exec $cmd] fid }] } {
            #puts stderr "Could not execute $cmd"
            if {[info exists fid] } { puts stderr $fid" }
            #exit 1
        }
    }
    if {[info exists title]} { append idpar " --TIT2 \"$title\"" }
    if {[info exists singer]} { append idpar " --TPE1 \"$singer\"" }
    if {[info exists album]} { append idpar " --TALB \"$album\"" }
    if {[info exists year]} { append idpar " --TYER \"$year\"" }
    if {[info exists genre]} { append idpar " --TCON \"$genre\"" }
    set cmd "id3v2 $idpar $fo"
    puts $cmd
    if { [file exists $fo]} {
        eval exec $cmd
    }
} else {
    puts "Not an MP3 file"
}

PAM Security explained

2010-11-14T10:30:00.001-08:00

PAM Security: http://articles.techrepublic.com.com/5100-10878_11-1055269.html

Login restriction/Limitation based on time schedue

2010-11-14T09:55:00.000-08:00

This is how to limit a user (in this case, his name is "Joko") to access computer during weekdays and weekends at certain time duration.

Edit file
```
/etc/pam.d/common-account
```
and add a line "account required pam_time.so"
Edit file
```
/etc/security/time.conf
```
and add the following lines to the end of file.

#services  ttys users   times
#
# allow Joko to use computer during weekdays 3 pm-8:30pm OR weekends 9:00am - 9:00pm
* ; * ; joko; Wk1500-2030 | Wk0900-2100

This will not allow joko to login during weekdays before 3 pm or after 8:30 pm or weekends outside 9 am - 9 pm. To disallow certain service, replace '*' in the first entry with a PAM service name (e.g, login, etc.). Files in /etc/pam.d reflect the service names.

On my computer, the following files are the service names can be used:

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 217 2010-07-05 04:57 atd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 167 2010-07-05 06:44 chage
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 218 2010-07-05 06:44 chfn
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 218 2010-07-05 06:44 chsh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  17 2010-09-13 10:39 common-account -> common-account-pc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 378 2010-07-05 05:15 common-account.pam-config-backup
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 446 2010-11-14 09:01 common-account-pc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  14 2010-09-13 10:39 common-auth -> common-auth-pc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 448 2010-07-05 05:15 common-auth.pam-config-backup
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 557 2010-11-14 09:01 common-auth-pc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  18 2010-09-13 10:39 common-password -> common-password-pc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 855 2010-07-05 05:15 common-password.pam-config-backup
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 506 2010-11-14 09:01 common-password-pc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  17 2010-09-13 10:39 common-session -> common-session-pc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 435 2010-07-05 05:15 common-session.pam-config-backup
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 573 2010-11-14 09:01 common-session-pc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 287 2010-07-05 04:56 crond
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  56 2010-09-15 13:49 cups
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 204 2010-07-05 16:24 gdm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 206 2010-07-05 16:24 gdm-autologin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 239 2010-07-05 08:06 gnomesu-pam
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 216 2010-07-28 09:45 init
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 419 2010-07-05 22:36 login
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 251 2010-07-05 05:15 other
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 133 2010-07-05 06:44 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 165 2010-07-05 06:18 polkit
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 165 2010-07-05 07:10 polkit-1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 173 2010-07-05 14:34 ppp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 481 2010-07-05 05:32 remote
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 165 2010-09-15 14:14 samba
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 209 2010-07-05 06:44 shadow
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 165 2010-09-14 07:07 smtp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 268 2010-07-05 14:41 sshd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 239 2010-07-05 05:00 su
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 203 2010-09-07 06:01 sudo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 239 2010-07-05 05:00 su-l
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 172 2010-07-05 06:44 useradd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 569 2010-07-05 05:58 vsftpd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 241 2010-07-29 04:36 wxconsole
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 204 2008-09-03 08:45 xdm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 166 2008-09-03 08:45 xdm-np
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 265 2010-08-23 16:44 xen-api

A good solution to limit use of computer from kids during school days!

My First Objective-C

2010-11-08T23:21:00.000-08:00

List.h:

#import <objc/Object.h>

@interface List : Object                          // List is a subclass of the superclass Object
{
    int list[100];                                // These are instance variables.
    int size;
}


/* Public methods */
- free;
- (int) addEntry: (int) num;
- print;

/* Private methods */
/* Other programs should not use these methods. */

- resetSize;

@end

List.m:


#import "List.h"

@implementation List

+ new                                           // factory method
{
    self = [super new];
    [self resetSize];
    return self;
}


- free
{
    return [super free];
}


- (int) addEntry: (int) num
{
    list[size++] = num;
    return size;
}


- print
{
    int i;

    printf("\n");
    for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        printf ("%i ", list[i]);
        puts("");
    return self;                                // Always return self
                                                                                                // if n
othing else makes sense.
}


- resetSize
{
    size = 0;
    return self;
}

Stack.h:

#import <objc/Object.h>

typedef struct StackLink {
        struct StackLink        *next;
        //void                  *data;
        int                     data;
} StackLink;


@interface Stack : Object
{
        StackLink *top;
    unsigned int size;
}

- free;
- push: (int) anInt;
- addEntry: (int) anInt;
- (int) pop;
- (unsigned int) size;

@end

Stack.m:

#import "Stack.h"
#import <stdlib.h>

@implementation Stack

#define NULL_LINK (StackLink *) 0

+ new
{
    self = [super new];
    top = NULL_LINK; //(StackLink *) 0;
    return self;
}


- free
{
    StackLink *next;

    while (top != NULL_LINK)
    {
        next = top->next;
        free ((char *) top);
        top = next;
    }
    return [super free];
}


- push: (int) value
{
    StackLink *newLink;

    newLink = (StackLink *) malloc (sizeof (StackLink));
    if (newLink == 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
        return nil;
    }
    newLink->data = value;
    newLink->next = top;
    top = newLink;
    size++;

    return self;
}


- addEntry: (int) value
{
        return [self push: value];
}

- (int) pop
{
    int value;
    StackLink *topLink;

    if (0 != size)
    {
        topLink = top;
        top = top->next;
        value = topLink->data;
        free (topLink);
        size--;
    }
    else
    {
        value = 0;
    }
    return value;
}


- (unsigned int) size
{
    return size;
}

- print
{
        StackLink *startLink;
        int i = size;

        startLink = top;

        while (startLink) {
                printf("Stack[%d] = %d\n", i, startLink->data);
                startLink = startLink->next;
                i--;
        }
        return self;
}

@end

main.m:

#import <objc/Object.h>
#import "List.h"
#import "Stack.h"

//int main(int argc, char *argv[])

void perform (id obj)
{
        [obj addEntry: 5];
        [obj print];
        [obj addEntry: 6];
        [obj addEntry: 3];
        [obj print];
}

main()
{
        id list;

        list = [List new];
        perform(list);
        [list free];

        id stack;
        stack = [Stack new];
        perform(stack);
        [stack free];
        printf("\n");
        return 0;
}

Makefile:

.SUFFIXES: .o .m

.m.o:
        $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@

# Macros

CC=gcc

#CFLAGS=-Wall -Wno-import -mtune=core2 -mfpmath=sse -ffast-math -msse3 -fobjc-exceptions
CFLAGS=-Wno-import -mtune=core2 -g

LDFLAGS=-lobjc
SRCS=main.m List.m Stack.m
OBJS=$(SRCS:.m=.o)
EXECUTABLE=main

.PHONY: all

all: $(EXECUTABLE)

$(EXECUTABLE): $(OBJS)
        $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS)

#$(OBJS): $(SRCS)
#       echo "$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@"

clean:
        rm -f *.o $(EXECUTABLE)

TAGS: $(SRCS)
        ctags -R $(SRCS)

MiniDuckSimulator.java

2010-11-02T14:11:00.000-07:00

import java.io.Console;

/**
 * @author mlutfi
 *
 */
public class MiniDuckSimulator {

 /**
  * @param args
  */
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  Duck mallard = new MallardDuck();
  mallard.display();
  mallard.performQuack();
  mallard.performFly();
  
  Duck model = new ModelDuck();
  model.display();
  model.performFly();
  model.setFlyBehavior(new FlyRocketPowered());
  model.performFly();
 }
}

How to block certain inbound IP addresses

2010-10-31T18:04:00.000-07:00

Create a file /etc/iptables/blockip.sh:

#!/bin/bash
# Simple iptables IP/subnet block script
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
IPT=`which iptables`
SPAMLIST="spamlist"
SPAMDROPMSG="SPAM LIST DROP"
BADIPS=$(egrep -v -e "^#|^$" /etc/iptables/blocked.ips)

# create a new iptables list
$IPT -N $SPAMLIST

for ipblock in $BADIPS
do
   $IPT -A $SPAMLIST -s $ipblock -j LOG --log-prefix "$SPAMDROPMSG"
   $IPT -A $SPAMLIST -s $ipblock -j DROP
done

$IPT -I INPUT -j $SPAMLIST
$IPT -I OUTPUT -j $SPAMLIST
$IPT -I FORWARD -j $SPAMLIST

Create a file /etc/iptables/blocked.ips:

put IP addresses here! (one per line)

edit file /etc/boot.local and add this line:

/etc/iptables/blockip.sh

Error in compiling QEMU-XEN

2010-10-30T23:42:00.000-07:00

The following errors occurs when I did "make tool". For some reason, the file "cpu.h" in subdir

+ test -d git://xenbits.xensource.com/qemu-xen-4.0-testing.git
+ '[' '!' -d ioemu-remote ']'
+ rm -f ioemu-dir
+ ln -sf ioemu-remote ioemu-dir
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `kvm_arch_init_vcpu':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:47:5: warning: implicit declaration of function `cpu_x86_cpuid'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `kvm_has_msr_star':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:159:49: error: `MSR_STAR' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:159:49: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `set_seg':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:219:27: error: `DESC_TYPE_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:220:29: error: `DESC_P_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:222:25: error: `DESC_B_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:223:23: error: `DESC_S_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:224:24: error: `DESC_L_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:225:23: error: `DESC_G_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:226:25: error: `DESC_AVL_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `get_seg':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:236:16: error: `DESC_TYPE_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:237:20: error: `DESC_P_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:238:17: error: `DESC_DPL_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:239:16: error: `DESC_B_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:240:14: error: `DESC_S_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:241:15: error: `DESC_L_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:242:14: error: `DESC_G_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:243:16: error: `DESC_AVL_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `kvm_getput_regs':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:265:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `regs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:265:42: error: `R_EAX' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:266:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `regs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:266:42: error: `R_EBX' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:267:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `regs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:267:42: error: `R_ECX' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:268:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `regs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:268:42: error: `R_EDX' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:269:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `regs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:269:42: error: `R_ESI' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:270:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `regs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:270:42: error: `R_EDI' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:271:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `regs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:271:42: error: `R_ESP' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:272:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `regs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:272:42: error: `R_EBP' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:284:38: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `eflags'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:285:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `eip'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `kvm_put_fpu':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:299:18: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `fpus'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:300:20: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `fpstt'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:301:18: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `fpuc'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:303:19: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `fptags'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:304:24: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `fpregs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:304:44: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `fpregs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:305:24: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `xmm_regs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:305:46: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `xmm_regs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:306:20: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `mxcsr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `kvm_put_sregs':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:316:15: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `interrupt_bitmap'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:319:13: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `eflags'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:319:24: error: `VM_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:320:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:320:42: error: `R_CS' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:321:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:321:42: error: `R_DS' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:322:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:322:42: error: `R_ES' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:323:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:323:42: error: `R_FS' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:324:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:324:42: error: `R_GS' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:325:35: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:325:42: error: `R_SS' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:327:29: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:328:29: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:329:29: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:330:29: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:331:29: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:332:29: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:334:13: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:334:23: error: `CR0_PE_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:342:28: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `tr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:343:29: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `ldt'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:345:26: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `idt'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:346:25: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `idt'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:347:26: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `gdt'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:348:25: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `gdt'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:350:20: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:351:20: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:352:20: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:353:20: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:355:5: warning: implicit declaration of function `cpu_get_apic_tpr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:356:5: warning: implicit declaration of function `cpu_get_apic_base'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:358:21: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `efer'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `kvm_put_msrs':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:379:35: error: `MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:379:60: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `sysenter_cs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:380:35: error: `MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:380:61: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `sysenter_esp'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:381:35: error: `MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:381:61: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `sysenter_eip'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:383:32: error: `MSR_STAR' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:383:45: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `star'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:384:35: error: `MSR_IA32_TSC' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:384:52: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `tsc'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `kvm_get_fpu':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:408:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `fpstt'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:409:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `fpus'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:410:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `fpuc'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:412:5: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `fptags'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:413:15: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `fpregs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:413:44: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `fpregs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:414:15: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `xmm_regs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:414:46: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `xmm_regs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:415:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `mxcsr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `kvm_get_sregs': 
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:430:15: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `interrupt_bitmap'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:434:17: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:434:24: error: `R_CS' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:435:17: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:435:24: error: `R_DS' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:436:17: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:436:24: error: `R_ES' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:437:17: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:437:24: error: `R_FS' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:438:17: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:438:24: error: `R_GS' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:439:17: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:439:24: error: `R_SS' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:441:17: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `tr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:442:17: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `ldt'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:444:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `idt'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:445:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `idt'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:446:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `gdt'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:447:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `gdt'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:449:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:450:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:451:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:452:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:454:5: warning: implicit declaration of function `cpu_set_apic_base'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:456:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `efer'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:467:18: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:467:40: error: `DESC_DPL_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:467:58: error: `HF_CPL_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:468:19: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:468:29: error: `CR0_PE_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:468:46: error: `HF_PE_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:468:60: error: `CR0_PE_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:469:19: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:469:31: error: `HF_MP_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:469:45: error: `CR0_MP_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:470:7: error: `HF_MP_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:470:20: error: `HF_EM_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:470:33: error: `HF_TS_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:471:19: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `eflags'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:471:31: error: `HF_TF_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:471:44: error: `HF_VM_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:471:57: error: `HF_IOPL_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:472:19: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:472:29: error: `CR4_OSFXSR_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:473:7: error: `HF_OSFXSR_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:473:25: error: `CR4_OSFXSR_SHIFT'  undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:475:12: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `efer'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:475:21: error: `MSR_EFER_LMA' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:476:19: error: `HF_LMA_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:479:39: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:479:60: error: `DESC_L_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:480:19: error: `HF_CS32_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:480:34: error: `HF_SS32_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:480:49: error: `HF_CS64_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:482:23: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:482:44: error: `DESC_B_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:483:4: error: `DESC_B_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:483:19: error: `HF_CS32_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:484:23: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:485:19: error: `HF_SS32_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:486:18: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `cr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:487:24: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `eflags'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:487:35: error: `VM_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:489:27: error: `HF_ADDSEG_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:491:32: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:492:36: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:493:36: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `segs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:494:21: error: `HF_ADDSEG_SHIFT' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:497:8: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `hflags'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:497:23: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `hflags'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:497:34: error: `HF_PE_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:497:34: error: `HF_OSFXSR_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `kvm_get_msrs':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:512:23: error: `MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:513:23: error: `MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:514:23: error: `MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:516:20: error: `MSR_STAR' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:517:23: error: `MSR_IA32_TSC' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:533:16: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `sysenter_cs'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:536:16: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `sysenter_esp'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:539:16: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `sysenter_eip'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:542:16: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `star'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:559:16: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `tsc'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `kvm_arch_pre_run':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:618:13: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `eflags'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:618:24: error: `IF_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `kvm_arch_post_run':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:650:12: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `eflags'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:650:24: error: `IF_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:652:12: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `eflags'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:654:5: warning: implicit declaration of function `cpu_set_apic_tpr'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c: In function `kvm_handle_halt':
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:663:15: error: `CPUX86State' has no member named `eflags'
/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c:663:26: error: `IF_MASK' undeclared (first use in this function)
make[3]: *** [kvm.o] Error 1
make[2]: *** [subdir-i386-dm] Error 2
make[1]: *** [subdir-all-ioemu-dir] Error 2
make: *** [subdirs-all] Error 2

'

Quick fix: goto dir "target-i386" and perform:

myname@linux-bvhg:~/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386> gcc -I. -I.. -I/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386 -I/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir -MMD -MT kvm.o -MP -DNEED_CPU_H -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -I/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/tcg -I/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/tcg/x86_64 -I/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/fpu  -DHAS_AUDIO -DHAS_AUDIO_CHOICE -DHAS_AUDIO -I/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg//tools/libxc -I/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg//tools/xenstore -I/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg//tools/include -I/home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg//tools/blktap/lib -mtune=core2 -msse3 -O2 -m64 -mfpmath=sse -ffast-math -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -m64 
 -fno-strict-aliasing -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-unused-value -Wdeclaration-after-statement  -D__XEN_TOOLS__ -MMD -MF .subdirs-all.d  -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE  -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -m64 -fno-strict-aliasing -std=gnu99 -Wall  -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-unused-value -Wdeclaration-after-statement  -D__XEN_TOOLS__ -MMD -MF .ioemu-dir-find.d  -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64 _SOURCE  -O2 -g -fno-strict-aliasing -Wall -Wundef -W endif-labels -Wwrite-strings -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wredundant-decls -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -m64 -fno-strict-aliasing -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-unused-value -Wdeclaration-after-statement  -D__XEN_TOOLS__ -MMD -MF .kvm.o.d  -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE  -Wno-unused -Wno-declaration-after-statement -Wno-pointer-sign  -DCONFIG_PASSTHROUGH  -I../hw  -m64 -Wno-unused -Wno-declaration-after-statement -Wno-pointer-sign  -DCONFIG_PASSTHROUGH   -c -o kvm.o /home/myname/src/xen-4.0-testing.hg/tools/ioemu-dir/target-i386/kvm.c

Xen Installation & Compilation

2010-10-30T22:08:00.000-07:00

Installation from source

Xen 4.0 source code mercurial (hg) repository and changelog: http://xenbits.xen.org/xen-4.0-testing.hg

You can get Xen 4.0 with mercurial using the following command:

hg clone http://xenbits.xen.org/xen-4.0-testing.hg

Note that this will give you the LATEST version in xen-4.0-testing.hg repository! It might be a release candidate for next release or just some developer snapshot. See the changelog above for current status. You can also get a specific 'tag' from the repository like this:

hg clone -r RELEASE-4.0.1 http://xenbits.xen.org/xen-4.0-testing.hg

Alternatively you can download the Xen 4.0.x source tarball from http://www.xen.org/products/xen_source.html . Note that if you're planning to use Xen 4.0.0 tarball please see the Known Issues below for a note about supported pvops dom0 kernel versions.

NOTE!! during the Xen build process outbound git-protocol needs to be open in your network firewall! Xen build scripts need to access git:// repositories on git.kernel.org and xenbits.xen.org. Some people have reported issues accessing the remote repositories - these problems are most often caused by a broken Internet connection, broken firewall, or a broken NAT router you use.

This example will only build the new Xen 4.0 hypervisor and tools. This method does NOT download or build a (dom0) kernel from the xen.git repository. "make tools" part will download the xen qemu-dm ioemu for hvm guests from xenbits git repository and tools tarballs (unless you've already downloaded them yourself before building).

cd xen-4.0-testing.hg 
make xen 
make tools 
make stubdom

When the compilation process finishes you'll have the Xen hypervisor/tools binaries in "dist/" directory ready for installation:

make install-xen 
make install-tools 
make install-stubdom

And then compile your chosen new dom0 kernel, or use your existing dom0 kernel. Also update grub.conf to use the newly installed Xen 4.0 hypervisor.

See XenDom0Kernels wiki page for information about all the available Xen Dom0 capable kernels, and XenParavirtOps wiki page for more detailed information about Xen pvops dom0 kernels.

You can also compile Xen 4.0 together with the new default pvops dom0 kernel (Linux 2.6.32.x in Xen 4.0.1 and newer versions). This method downloads the kernel sources from xen.git repository during the build process:

make world

This will download the latest pvops dom0 kernel 2.6.32.x from Jeremy's xen.git repository during the build process. See the XenParavirtOps wiki page for more information about different pvops dom0 kernel versions. Also see the Known Issues below for supported pvops dom0 kernel versions.

NOTE about the old Xenlinux linux-2.6.18-xen kernels:

make kernels KERNELS="linux-2.6-xen0 linux-2.6-xenU"

Xen compilation

2010-10-30T21:38:00.000-07:00

When I was trying to compile Xen-4.0.1, I got these messages:

make[1]: Entering directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen'
make -f Rules.mk _install
make[2]: Entering directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen'
make -C tools
make[3]: Entering directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/tools'
[ -d figlet ] && make -C figlet
make[4]: Entering directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/tools/figlet'
make[4]: `figlet' is up to date.
make[4]: Leaving directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/tools/figlet'
make symbols
make[4]: Entering directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/tools'
make[4]: `symbols' is up to date.
make[4]: Leaving directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/tools'
make[3]: Leaving directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/tools'
make -f /xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/Rules.mk include/xen/compile.h
make[3]: Entering directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen'
 __  __            _  _    ___   ____              _                   
 \ \/ /___ _ __   | || |  / _ \ |___ \    _ __ ___/ |   _ __  _ __ ___ 
  \  // _ \ '_ \  | || |_| | | |  __) |__| '__/ __| |__| '_ \| '__/ _ \
  /  \  __/ | | | |__   _| |_| | / __/|__| | | (__| |__| |_) | | |  __/
 /_/\_\___|_| |_|    |_|(_)___(_)_____|  |_|  \___|_|  | .__/|_|  \___|
                                                       |_|             
make[3]: Leaving directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen'
[ -e include/asm ] || ln -sf asm-x86 include/asm
make -f /xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/Rules.mk -C include
make[3]: Entering directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/include'
make[3]: Nothing to be done for `all'.
make[3]: Leaving directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/include'
make -f /xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/Rules.mk -C arch/x86 asm-offsets.s
make[3]: Entering directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/arch/x86'
make[3]: `asm-offsets.s' is up to date.
make[3]: Leaving directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/arch/x86'
make -f /xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/Rules.mk include/asm-x86/asm-offsets.h
make[3]: Entering directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen'
make[3]: `include/asm-x86/asm-offsets.h' is up to date.
make[3]: Leaving directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen'
make -f /xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/Rules.mk -C arch/x86 /xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/xen
make[3]: Entering directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/arch/x86'
make -f /xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/Rules.mk -C /xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/arch/x86/boot built_in.o
make[4]: Entering directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/arch/x86/boot'
RELOC=0x7c000 XEN_BITSPERLONG=64 make -f build32.mk reloc.S
make[5]: Entering directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/arch/x86/boot'
make[5]: *** ../../../../.config: Is a directory.  Stop.
make[5]: Leaving directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/arch/x86/boot'
make[4]: *** [reloc.S] Error 2
make[4]: Leaving directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/arch/x86/boot'
make[3]: *** [/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/arch/x86/boot/built_in.o] Error 2
make[3]: Leaving directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/arch/x86'
make[2]: *** [/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen/xen] Error 2
make[2]: Leaving directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen'
make[1]: *** [install] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/xen-4.0-testing.hg/xen'
make: *** [install-xen] Error 2

The message showed me that it was expecting the .config exist in the root folder. I copied the file from /usr/src/linux (kernel source) and recompile. it worked!

USB plug-in rule for TI MSP-EXP43xx LaunchPad Kit

2010-10-30T12:08:00.000-07:00

Content of file /etc/udev/rules.d/udev/46-TI_launchpad.rules:

ATTRS{idVendor}=="0451", ATTRS{idProduct}=="2036", MODE="0660", GROUP="plugdev"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="0451", ATTRS{idProduct}=="F432", MODE="0660", GROUP="plugdev"

Script to remove tailing "(00)" in filenames

2010-10-29T23:33:00.000-07:00

#!/usr/bin/tclsh

foreach f [glob *.*] {
    if {[regexp -all -nocase {(.*)\.(.*)} $f dummy fullname ext] } {
        if { [regexp -all -nocase {(.*)\(00\)} $fullname dummy name ] } {
             set cmd "file rename -force \"$f\" \"$name.$ext\""
             puts $cmd
             eval $cmd
        }
    }
}

To find function declaration in static library

2010-10-28T23:27:00.000-07:00

The following command finds a reference to function "gtk_widget_get_pango_context" in static library libwxOil.a:

linux-bvhg:~/> nm -l -C libwxOil.a  | grep gtk_widget_get_pango_context
                 U gtk_widget_get_pango_context(_GtkWidget*)  /home/myname/src/XaraLX/wxOil/ftfonts.cpp:868

GLIB and wxWidget Class conflict

2010-10-28T22:01:00.000-07:00

When compiling XaraLX, there is a conflict between GLIB-2.0 and wxWidget 2.8 as shown below:

/usr/local/include/glib-2.0/gio/giotypes.h:127:47: error: conflicting declaration `typedef struct _GSocket GSocket'
/usr/include/wx-2.8/wx/unix/gsockunx.h:41:1: error: `class GSocket' has a previous declaration as `class GSocket'

The quick solution is to modify <XaraLX directory>/wxOil/ftfonts.cpp. Edit this file and change from:

#ifdef __WXGTK20__
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
extern GtkWidget *wxGetRootWindow();
#endif

to:

#ifdef __WXGTK20__
//#include <gtk/gtk.h>
extern PangoContext *gtk_widget_get_pango_context    (GtkWidget   *widget);
extern GtkWidget *wxGetRootWindow();
#endif

Microsoft is officially all out to promote Windows 7 mobile

2010-10-28T14:25:00.000-07:00

Check this out:

http://create.msdn.com/en-US/home/about/how_it_works_create
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=04704acf-a63a-4f97-952c-8b51b34b00ce&displaylang=en
https://microsoft.promo.eprize.com/windowsphone7/

To find dependency in Linux dynamic object file/library

2010-10-14T13:58:00.000-07:00

linux-bvhg:~> objdump -x `which ffmpeg`

/usr/local/bin/ffmpeg:     file format elf64-x86-64
/usr/local/bin/ffmpeg
architecture: i386:x86-64, flags 0x00000112:
EXEC_P, HAS_SYMS, D_PAGED
start address 0x0000000000405360

Program Header:
PHDR off    0x0000000000000040 vaddr 0x0000000000400040 paddr 0x0000000000400040 align 2**3
filesz 0x00000000000001f8 memsz 0x00000000000001f8 flags r-x
INTERP off    0x0000000000000238 vaddr 0x0000000000400238 paddr 0x0000000000400238 align 2**0
filesz 0x000000000000001c memsz 0x000000000000001c flags r--
LOAD off    0x0000000000000000 vaddr 0x0000000000400000 paddr 0x0000000000400000 align 2**21
filesz 0x0000000000017124 memsz 0x0000000000017124 flags r-x
LOAD off    0x00000000000179c8 vaddr 0x00000000006179c8 paddr 0x00000000006179c8 align 2**21
filesz 0x0000000000001e18 memsz 0x00000000000038a0 flags rw-
DYNAMIC off    0x0000000000018d10 vaddr 0x0000000000618d10 paddr 0x0000000000618d10 align 2**3
filesz 0x0000000000000240 memsz 0x0000000000000240 flags rw-
NOTE off    0x0000000000000254 vaddr 0x0000000000400254 paddr 0x0000000000400254 align 2**2
filesz 0x000000000000005c memsz 0x000000000000005c flags r--
EH_FRAME off    0x0000000000015db0 vaddr 0x0000000000415db0 paddr 0x0000000000415db0 align 2**2
filesz 0x0000000000000304 memsz 0x0000000000000304 flags r--
STACK off    0x0000000000000000 vaddr 0x0000000000000000 paddr 0x0000000000000000 align 2**3
filesz 0x0000000000000000 memsz 0x0000000000000000 flags rw-
RELRO off    0x00000000000179c8 vaddr 0x00000000006179c8 paddr 0x00000000006179c8 align 2**0
filesz 0x0000000000001638 memsz 0x0000000000001638 flags r--

Dynamic Section:
NEEDED               libavdevice.so.52
NEEDED               libavfilter.so.1
NEEDED               libavformat.so.52
NEEDED               libavcodec.so.52
NEEDED               libpostproc.so.51
NEEDED               libswscale.so.0
NEEDED               libavcore.so.0
NEEDED               libavutil.so.50
NEEDED               libpthread.so.0
NEEDED               libm.so.6
NEEDED               libc.so.6
INIT                 0x0000000000404670
FINI                 0x00000000004124e8
HASH                 0x00000000004002b0
GNU_HASH             0x0000000000400960
STRTAB               0x0000000000401f48
SYMTAB               0x00000000004009d0
STRSZ                0x0000000000000f0d
SYMENT               0x0000000000000018
DEBUG                0x0000000000000000
PLTGOT               0x0000000000618fe8
PLTRELSZ             0x0000000000001320
PLTREL               0x0000000000000007
JMPREL               0x0000000000403350
RELA                 0x00000000004031a0
RELASZ               0x00000000000001b0
RELAENT              0x0000000000000018
VERNEED              0x0000000000403020
VERNEEDNUM           0x000000000000000b
VERSYM               0x0000000000402e56

Version References:
required from libpostproc.so.51:
0x0826df11 0x00 14 LIBPOSTPROC_51
required from libavcore.so.0:
0x0a34bd40 0x00 12 LIBAVCORE_0
required from libm.so.6:
0x09691a75 0x00 11 GLIBC_2.2.5
required from libavfilter.so.1:
0x0ececed1 0x00 10 LIBAVFILTER_1
required from libavdevice.so.52:
0x07b11f22 0x00 09 LIBAVDEVICE_52
required from libavcodec.so.52:
0x035ff8b2 0x00 08 LIBAVCODEC_52
required from libavutil.so.50:
0x0f818430 0x00 07 LIBAVUTIL_50
required from libswscale.so.0:
0x027973e0 0x00 05 LIBSWSCALE_0
required from libavformat.so.52:
0x0c7032c2 0x00 04 LIBAVFORMAT_52
required from libpthread.so.0:
0x09691a75 0x00 03 GLIBC_2.2.5
required from libc.so.6:
0x0d696917 0x00 13 GLIBC_2.7
0x0d696913 0x00 06 GLIBC_2.3
0x09691a75 0x00 02 GLIBC_2.2.5

Sections:
Idx Name          Size      VMA               LMA               File off  Algn
0 .interp       0000001c  0000000000400238  0000000000400238  00000238  2**0
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
1 .note.ABI-tag 00000020  0000000000400254  0000000000400254  00000254  2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
2 .note.SuSE    00000018  0000000000400274  0000000000400274  00000274  2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
3 .note.gnu.build-id 00000024  000000000040028c  000000000040028c  0000028c  2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
4 .hash         000006b0  00000000004002b0  00000000004002b0  000002b0  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
5 .gnu.hash     0000006c  0000000000400960  0000000000400960  00000960  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
6 .dynsym       00001578  00000000004009d0  00000000004009d0  000009d0  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
7 .dynstr       00000f0d  0000000000401f48  0000000000401f48  00001f48  2**0
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
8 .gnu.version  000001ca  0000000000402e56  0000000000402e56  00002e56  2**1
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
9 .gnu.version_r 00000180  0000000000403020  0000000000403020  00003020  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
10 .rela.dyn     000001b0  00000000004031a0  00000000004031a0  000031a0  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
11 .rela.plt     00001320  0000000000403350  0000000000403350  00003350  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
12 .init         00000018  0000000000404670  0000000000404670  00004670  2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
13 .plt          00000cd0  0000000000404688  0000000000404688  00004688  2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
14 .text         0000d188  0000000000405360  0000000000405360  00005360  2**4
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
15 .fini         0000000e  00000000004124e8  00000000004124e8  000124e8  2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
16 .rodata       000038b0  0000000000412500  0000000000412500  00012500  2**4
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
17 .eh_frame_hdr 00000304  0000000000415db0  0000000000415db0  00015db0  2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
18 .eh_frame     0000106c  00000000004160b8  00000000004160b8  000160b8  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
19 .ctors        00000010  00000000006179c8  00000000006179c8  000179c8  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
20 .dtors        00000010  00000000006179d8  00000000006179d8  000179d8  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
21 .jcr          00000008  00000000006179e8  00000000006179e8  000179e8  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
22 .data.rel.ro  00001310  0000000000617a00  0000000000617a00  00017a00  2**5
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
23 .dynamic      00000240  0000000000618d10  0000000000618d10  00018d10  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
24 .got          00000098  0000000000618f50  0000000000618f50  00018f50  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
25 .got.plt      00000678  0000000000618fe8  0000000000618fe8  00018fe8  2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
26 .data         00000180  0000000000619660  0000000000619660  00019660  2**5
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
27 .bss          00001a88  00000000006197e0  00000000006197e0  000197e0  2**5
ALLOC
28 .comment.SUSE.OPTs 00000006  0000000000000000  0000000000000000  000197e0  2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY
29 .comment      00000042  0000000000000000  0000000000000000  000197e6  2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY
SYMBOL TABLE:
no symbols

To test Prime Number

2010-10-12T08:45:00.000-07:00

#include <stdio.h>


typedef enum {
    FALSE = 0,
    TRUE = 1
} BOOL;

char *boolstr[] = {"FALSE", "TRUE"};

BOOL is_even(unsigned int k)
{
    if (k % 2) return FALSE;
    return TRUE;
}

BOOL is_prime(unsigned long k, unsigned long *divisor)
{
    unsigned long testnum,testlimit;
    BOOL ret = FALSE;

    if (k == 1) return FALSE; // 1 is neigher prime neither composite
    if (k == 2) return TRUE;
    if (is_even(k)) return FALSE; // even numbers are never prime, except 2
    testlimit = k;
    testnum = 3;
    while (testnum < testlimit) {
        //printf("highest prime divisor=%lu\n",*divisor);
        if ( (k % testnum) == 0)
        {
            *divisor = testnum;
            printf("div=%lu\n", *divisor);
            return FALSE; //return TRUE;
            // k is not prime as it is divisable by l

        }
        testlimit = k/testnum;
        testnum += 2;

    }
    return TRUE;
}


int main()
{
    unsigned long k,divisor;

    divisor=1;
    printf("Enter an integer: ");
    scanf("%lu", &k);
    printf("k=%lu is even? %s\n", k, boolstr[is_even(k)]);
    if (is_prime(k, &divisor))
    {
        printf("k=%lu is prime? %s\n", k, boolstr[TRUE]);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("%lu is NOT prime\n", k);
        //printf("highest prime divisor = %lu\n", divisor);
    }
}

3D Entertainment

2010-10-05T22:58:00.000-07:00

While 3D televisions are more available in the stores, their price is still high and not many people are getting into it. Perhaps because there is still few BD 3Dd movies. But now 3D camcoders are going into the market. We will see if this change how people buy LCD TVs.

Today, when I went to Costco, the 42" 120 Hz LED 3D TV is already below $2000.

Power consumption and Cost saving of Using Ooma (revised)

2010-10-04T10:33:00.000-07:00

After awhile, I observed that this Ooma + router consume less power when the temperature is lower. In the previous blog, I said the average power when its idling is 27 W @ 25 C, but in the early morning when temperature is lower (at about 20 C), the idling power is only 14 W and 17 W when the handset is off-hook.

Power consumption and Cost saving of Using Ooma

2010-10-03T19:34:00.000-07:00

Devices measured:

Ooma hub
Linksys WRT54g wireless router
Traditional wired phoneset connected to Ooma

Power-meter: Kill-A-Watt EZ

Result:

System idle: 27 watt
Phone is off hook (dial tone): 30 Watt
Phone is dialing: 30 Watt
During talk: 30 Watt
Check voice mail tru the hub: 28 Watt

How much the electricity cost we pay monthly?
For Northern California, PGE has a chart describing the rate. The average KWH rate for residential seasonal schedule E-8 is $0.22832 (this is just an average, the actual calculation depends on the tier/how much we consume electricity above its baseline). So, the maximum KWH for Oma in a day is: 30 Watt * 24 hours = 720 WH = 0.72 KWH. In a month (30 days) = 21.6 KWH or it costs = $4.32

If we don't subscribe to Ooma premier service, there is no additional cost, so it is the actual monthly cost we pay. If we subscribe to annual Ooma premier service which $119.99/year, we end up paying: $119.99/12 + $4.32 = $14.32 (rounded up) per month.

As a comparison, when I subscribed to AT&T landline local service (local unlimited), I paid (total, including all the fees and taxes) $27.15. This did not include caller-ID and all other features. It was just bare minimum. With Ooma premier, besides we get caller-ID, we also get two lines, call forwarding (or simultaneous ringing to another number), broadband voice mail (with MP3 file can be sent to email we specified), and other features. AT&T could have charged those features for additional $15 or more.

Now, how much we save by using Ooma? OK, first we need to take to the account the broadband portion used for Ooma. For example, I pay AT&T U-Verse 10 Mbps/1 Mbps (downstream/upstream) $45 a month. In average, Ooma uses a fractional bandwidth, which is about 256 Kbps. The max fraction of cost (hypothetically) is then = 0.256/10 * $45/month = $1.152, or about $1.2/month. Assume we use Ooma premier, the total monthly cost is then $14.32 + 1.2 = $15.52/month. The saving is = $27.15 - $15.52 = $11.63/month.

The price of Ooma hub (including one Ooma scout) is $219.99 (at www.ooma.com) +sales tax (which is 9.25% in my area) or $240.34. The number of months to recover the cost using the amount of money we save above is then $240.34/$11.63 = 20.66 months, or say 21 months (1.75 years). After that, the saving we collect is going to our pocket. If you decide not to use Ooma more than 1.75 years, you won't save any.

Note: the calculation above does not include power consumption of Ooma scout, but I surely is smaller than the hub's.

ReadyNAS Duo Internals

2010-09-29T23:32:00.000-07:00

This very cool NAS Box runs a version of Linux (I think Debian):

nas-D0-E9-23:/c/home/admin# uname -a
Linux nas-D0-E9-23 2.6.17.8ReadyNAS #1 Tue Jun 9 13:59:28 PDT 2009 padre unknown

nas-D0-E9-23:/c/home/admin# cat /proc/cpuinfo
cpu : Infrant Technologics, Inc. - neon version: 0
fpu : Softfpu
ncpus probed : 1
ncpus active : 1
BogoMips : 186.36
MMU : version: 0
LP : HW.FW version: 0.1
FPGA : fpga000000-0 Configuration: 0
AHB arbitraion : 7
CPU id : 0
Switch : 0
ASIC : IT3107

nas-D0-E9-23:/c/home/admin# lspci
0000:00:17.0 USB Controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xxxxx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev 62)
0000:00:17.1 USB Controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xxxxx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev 62)
0000:00:17.2 USB Controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. USB 2.0 (rev 65)

nas-D0-E9-23:/proc# fdisk -l /dev/hdc

Disk /dev/hdc: 999.9 GB, 999991611392 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121575 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdc1 1 255 2048000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/hdc2 255 287 256000 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/hdc3 287 121575 974242116 5 Extended
/dev/hdc5 287 121575 974242115+ 8e Linux LVM

Compared to my HP desktop machine, this NAS Box is away slower:

processor       : 1
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 15
model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q6600  @ 2.40GHz
stepping        : 11
cpu MHz         : 1600.000
cache size      : 4096 KB
physical id     : 0
siblings        : 4
core id         : 1
cpu cores       : 4
apicid          : 1
initial apicid  : 1
fpu             : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level     : 10
wp              : yes
flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dt
s acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good aper
fmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriori
ty
bogomips        : 12479.54
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

Despite the fact, I love this new toy!

Useful status line in vi

2010-09-26T21:52:00.001-07:00

:set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [ASCII=\%03.3b]\ [HEX=\%02.2B]\ [POS=%04l,%04v][%p%%]\ [LEN=%L]

2010-09-14T16:44:00.001-07:00

Cool Real gauge measuring your PC performance:

Google Graph

2010-09-14T15:37:00.000-07:00

Cool way to draw gauges via Google Graph API:
http://code.google.com/apis/visualization/documentation/gallery/gauge.html

Array of Strings

2010-07-17T01:45:00.001-07:00

// strtok.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

char *SkipChars(char *buf, const char charToSkip)
{
   char *p = buf;
   while (p && (*p) && (*p == charToSkip)) p++;
   return p;
}

char *SkipString(char *buf, const char *str)
{
   char *p;
   p = strstr(buf, str);
   if (p) {
   p += strlen(str);
   }
   return p;
}

char *GetToken(char *buf, char *tok, int toksize)
{
char *start;
int i = 0;

start = SkipChars(buf, ' ');
while (start && (*start != 0) && (*start != ' ') && (i < toksize)) {
tok[i++] = *start;
start++;
}
tok[i] = 0;
return start;
}

int ParseLine(char *buf, char delim, char **toks, int tokSize, int n)
{
   char *start, *item;
   int i = 0;

   if ((!buf) || (!toks)) return NULL;
   start = SkipChars(buf, delim);
if (*start==0) return NULL;
while (start && (*start) && (i<n)) {
  /* convert to first-major pointer */
item = ((char *)&toks[0] + tokSize*i);
start = GetToken(start, (char *)item, tokSize);
i++;
}
   return i;
}

char *GetStringVal(char *buf, char *key, char *val, int valSize)
{
char *p = SkipString(buf, key);
if (p) {
p = GetToken(p, val, valSize);
}
return val;
}

const char desc[] = "This is just an example for skipstring function";
char res[] = "Mac Type Interface\n"
   "1111.2222.3333 S fe0/0\n"
   "aabc.ddef.8754 S fe0/0\n"
   "553a.4455.6789 D fe0/1\n"
   "Total Macs 0\n";
char set[] = "mac-learning alarm 90 clear 60";

#define TOKEN_LEN 80
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
   int i,balance,len;
   char *p, *q, **pp;
   char token[100];
char tokens[3][TOKEN_LEN] = {"saya", "makan", "nasi"};

#if 0
   /* Program entry point */
   if (argc) {
   for( i=0; i<argc; i++) {
   printf("argv[%d] = %s\n", i, argv[i]);
   p = SkipChars(argv[i], ' ');
   p = SkipChars(p, '"');
   while (p) {
   if (balance) balance=0;
   end = SkipChars(p, '"');
   if (end) {
   balance = 1;
   len = end-p;
   strncpy(token, p, len);
   token[len] = 0;
   printf("token=%s\n", token);
   p = end;
   printf("p = %s\n", p);
   }
   if ((!balance) || (!len))
   break;
   }
   }
   }
   printf("original string: %s\n", desc);
   p = SkipString((char*)&desc[0], "an example for ");
   if (p) {
   printf("After SkipString: %s\n", p);
   }
#endif
   p = SkipString((char *)res, "Interface\n");
   if (p) {
   p = strtok(p, "\n");
   //printf("original p=%s\n", p);
   while (p) {
   if (strstr(p, "Total Mac")) break;
   printf("\n\n--------------------------------------\n");
printf("address of tokens[0][0] = %X\n", &tokens[0][0]);
//printf("q = %X\n", q);
   len = ParseLine(p, ' ', (char **)&tokens, TOKEN_LEN, 3);
for(i=0; i<len; i++) {
printf("token%d = %s\n", i+1, tokens[i]);
}
   printf("%s\n", p);
   printf("--------------------------------------\n");
   p = strtok(NULL, "\n");
   }
   }
printf("alarm=%s\n", GetStringVal(set, "alarm", token, sizeof(token)));
printf("clear=%s\n", GetStringVal(set, "clear", token, sizeof(token)));
return 0;
}

Get String

2010-07-16T10:50:00.003-07:00

// strtok.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

char *SkipChars(char *buf, const char charToSkip)
{
   char *p = buf;
   while (p && (*p) && (*p == charToSkip)) p++;
   return p;
}

char *SkipString(char *buf, const char *str)
{
   char *p;
   p = strstr(buf, str);
   if (p) {
   p += strlen(str);
   }
   return p;
}

char *ParseLine(char *buf, char delim, char *token)
{
   char *start, *end;
   int len;

   if ((!buf) || (!token)) return NULL;
   start = SkipChars(buf, delim);
if (*start==0) return NULL;
   end=NULL;
   if (start) {
   end = start;
   while ((end) && (*end) && (*end != delim)) end++;
   len = end-start;
   strncpy(token, start, len);
   token[len] = 0;
   }
   start = SkipChars(end, delim);
   return start;
}

char *GetStringVal(char *buf, char *key, char *val)
{
char *p = SkipString(buf, key);
if (p) {
p = ParseLine(p, ' ', val);
}
return val;
}

const char desc[] = "This is just an example for skipstring function";
char res[] = "Mac Type Interface\n"
   "1111.2222.3333 S fe0/0\n"
   "aabc.ddef.8754 S fe0/0\n"
   "553a.4455.6789 D fe0/1\n"
   "Total Macs 0\n";
char set[] = "mac-learning alarm 90 clear 60";

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
   int i,balance,len;
   char *p, *end;
   char token[100];
   char *saveptr;

#if 0
   /* Program entry point */
   if (argc) {
   for( i=0; i<argc; i++) {
   printf("argv[%d] = %s\n", i, argv[i]);
   p = SkipChars(argv[i], ' ');
   p = SkipChars(p, '"');
   while (p) {
   if (balance) balance=0;
   end = SkipChars(p, '"');
   if (end) {
   balance = 1;
   len = end-p;
   strncpy(token, p, len);
   token[len] = 0;
   printf("token=%s\n", token);
   p = end;
   printf("p = %s\n", p);
   }
   if ((!balance) || (!len))
   break;
   }
   }
   }
   printf("original string: %s\n", desc);
   p = SkipString((char*)&desc[0], "an example for ");
   if (p) {
   printf("After SkipString: %s\n", p);
   }
#endif
   p = SkipString((char *)res, "Interface\n");
   if (p) {
   p = strtok(p, "\n");
   //printf("original p=%s\n", p);
   while (p) {
   if (strstr(p, "Total Mac")) break;
   printf("\n\n--------------------------------------\n");
   #if 1
   end = ParseLine(p, ' ', token);
   printf("end=%s\n", end);
   i = 0;
   while (end){
   p = end;
   printf("Token%d=%s\n", i+1, token);
   end = ParseLine(p, ' ', token);
   i++;
   }
   #endif
   printf("%s\n", p);
   printf("--------------------------------------\n");
   p = strtok(NULL, "\n");
   }
   }
printf("alarm=%s\n", GetStringVal(set, "alarm", token));
printf("clear=%s\n", GetStringVal(set, "clear", token));
return 0;
}

Parse token

2010-07-16T02:10:00.000-07:00

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

char *SkipChars(char *buf, const char charToSkip)
{
    char *p = buf;
    while (p && (*p == charToSkip)) p++;
    return p;
}


char *SkipString(char *buf, const char *str)
{
    char *p;
    p = strstr(buf, str);
    if (p) {
        p += strlen(str);
    }
    return p;
}


char *ParseLine(char *buf, char delim, char *token)
{
    char *start, *end;
    int len;

    if ((!buf) || (!token)) return NULL;
    start = SkipChars(buf, delim);
    if (!*start) return NULL;
    end=NULL;
    if (start) {
         end = start;
         while ((end) && (*end) && (*end != delim)) end++;
         len = end-start;
         strncpy(token, start, len);
         token[len] = 0;
    }
    return end;
}

const char desc[] = "This is just an example for skipstring function";
char res[] = "Mac             Type      Interface\n"
             "1111.2222.3333  S         fe0/0\n"
             "aabc.ddef.8754  S         fe0/0\n"
             "553a.4455.6789  D         fe0/1\n"
             "Total Macs 0\n";


void main( int argc, char **argv )
{
    int i,balance,len;
    char *p, *end;
    char token[100];
    char *saveptr;

    /* Program entry point */
    if (argc) {
        for( i=0; i<argc; i++) {
            printf("argv[%d] = %s\n", i, argv[i]);
            p = SkipChars(argv[i], ' ');
            p = SkipChars(p, '"');
            while (p) {
                if (balance) balance=0;
                 end = SkipChars(p, '"');
                 if (end) {
                    balance = 1;
                    len = end-p;
                    strncpy(token, p, len);
                    token[len] = 0;
                    printf("token=%s\n", token);
                    p = end;
                    //printf("p = %s\n", p);
                }
                if ((!balance) || (!len))
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    printf("original string: %s\n", desc);
    p = SkipString((char*)&desc[0], "an example for ");
    if (p) {
        printf("After SkipString: %s\n", p);
    }

    p = SkipString((char *)res, "Interface\n");
    if (p) {
        p = strtok(p, "\n");
        //printf("original p=%s\n", p);
        while (p) {
            if (strstr(p, "Total Mac")) break;
            printf("\n\n--------------------------------------\n");
            end = ParseLine(p, ' ', token);
            //printf("end=%s\n", end);
            i = 0;
            while (end){
                p = end;
                //printf("end:**%s\n", p);
                printf("Token%d=%s,\t", i+1, token);
                end = ParseLine(p, ' ', token);
                i++;
            }
            printf("\n");
            printf("%s\n", p);
            printf("--------------------------------------\n");
            p = strtok(NULL, "\n");
        }
    }
}

Trick to get (almost) free International call on AT&T cellphones

2010-07-15T11:32:00.000-07:00

Subscribe to Skype, set automatic withdrawal from your credit card
Activate Skype To-Go service and select a local number from its list (US)
Goto www.att.com/wireless and activate "A-List" feature/service (which is free). Please remember that this service is only available if you have family plan and/or $60/month or more in monthly bill.
Add the Skype To-Go number in A-List
Now you're ready to make an international calls for a very cheap from your cellphone. Just call the Skype To-Go number and follow voice instruction to dial in an international numbers. You will only pay Skype calls (which is damned cheap, for example to call to Jakarta it's only 4c/minute). That's it!

CLIE UDEV RULES to support pilot device in Linux

2010-06-10T01:00:00.000-07:00

Content of my udev rules to have /dev/pilot whenever my Sony CLIE NX70 PDE is syncing:

my-desktop:/dev/.udev/rules.d$ cat 10-local.rules

SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{product}=="Palm Handheld", KERNEL=="ttyUSB*", SYMLINK+="pilot"
BUS=="usb", SYSFS{product}=="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL=="ttyUSB[13579]", SYMLINK+="pilot"

On my Ubuntu 10.04 Karmic, actually there's a rule definition already written, but it is missing SYMLINK. Below is my modified rule file.

vi /lib/udev/rules.d/40-libpisock9.rules reveals:

# $Id: 60-libpisock.rules,v 1.4 2007/02/16 18:26:41 desrod Exp $
#
# udev rules file for pilot-link's libpisock library, enabled for libusb
#
SUBSYSTEMS!="usb", ACTION!="add", GOTO="libpisock_rules_end"

# Sony handheld devices
ATTRS{idVendor}=="054c", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0038", GROUP="dialout", MODE="0664"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="054c", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0066", GROUP="dialout", MODE="0664"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="054c", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0095", GROUP="dialout", MODE="0664"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="054c", ATTRS{idProduct}=="009a", GROUP="dialout", MODE="0664"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="054c", ATTRS{idProduct}=="00da", GROUP="dialout", MODE="0664",SYMLINK+="pilot"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="054c", ATTRS{idProduct}=="00e9", GROUP="dialout", MODE="0664"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="054c", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0144", GROUP="dialout", MODE="0664"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="054c", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0169", GROUP="dialout", MODE="0664"

....

Small script to build Linux Kernel

2010-05-22T09:07:00.000-07:00

Make sure we have busybox, otherwise install it:

sudo apt-get install busybox

And then save the following lines to o file and execute it:

VERSION=2.6.34-p4
make
make modules && sudo make modules_install
sudo make install
sudo mkinitramfs -o /boot/initrd.img-${VERSION} ${VERSION}

How to calculate tax

2010-05-06T08:49:00.000-07:00

The following code is to calculate tax amount we will pay for tax year 2010.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>

typedef struct {
double min;
double max;
double taxPct;
} Bracket_t;

typedef enum {
single,
married_jointly,
married_separately,
head_of_household
} FilingStatus_t;

// married filing separately
Bracket_t BracketTable2008[] = {
{0.0, 8025.0, .10},
{8025.0,32550.0, .15},
{32550.0,65725.0, .25},
{65725.0,100150.0, .28},
{100150.0,178850.0, .33},
{178850.0,-1.0, .35},
{-1.0,-1.0,0.0}
};

Bracket_t BracketTable2010[] = {
{0.0, 16750.0, .10},
{16750.0,68000.0, .15},
{68000.0,137300.0, .25},
{137300.0,209250.0, .28},
{209250.0,373650.0, .33},
{373650.0,-1.0, .35},
{-1.0,-1.0,0.0}
};

double TaxCalc(double agi, Bracket_t *brYear)
{
int i;
double totalTax, tax, income;

if (!brYear)
return -0.0;
i = 0;
tax = 0.0;
totalTax = 0.0;
income = agi;
printf("agi = %9.2lf\n", income);
while (brYear[i].min > -1.0) {
if ((brYear[i].max > -1.0) && (income > brYear[i].max))
{
tax = (brYear[i].max - brYear[i].min) * brYear[i].taxPct;
}
else
{
tax = (income - brYear[i].min) * brYear[i].taxPct;
totalTax += tax;
printf("end of tax; bracket=%4.2lf, tax = %9.2lf\n", brYear[i].taxPct, tax);
break;
}
totalTax += tax;
printf("%d) tax = %9.2lf (%4.2lf), taxable income = %9.2lf\n", i, tax, brYear[i].taxPct, income);
i++;
}
printf("%d) taxable income = %9.2lf => tax = %9.2lf\n", i, income, totalTax);
return totalTax;

}

int main(const int argc, const char *argv[])
{
double agi, tax;
Bracket_t *tbl;

if (argc > 1)
{
printf("You entered %s\n", argv[1]);
agi = strtod(argv[1], NULL);
tbl = BracketTable2010;
}
else {
// demo only for tax year 2008
tbl = BracketTable2008;
agi = 1e5;
}
tax = TaxCalc(agi, tbl);

printf("Final tax amount = %9.2lf (%4.2lf%%)\n", tax, tax/agi * 100.0);
}

Example:

$ ./tax 100000

You entered 100000

agi = 100000.00

0) tax = 1675.00 (0.10), taxable income = 100000.00

1) tax = 7687.50 (0.15), taxable income = 100000.00

end of tax; bracket=0.25, tax = 8000.00

2) taxable income = 100000.00 => tax = 17362.50

Final tax amount = 17362.50 (17.36%)

The income we enter is the AGI (Adjusted Gross Income), which is our total gross income minus all the deductions.

EE Times, March 2010

2010-03-30T12:06:00.001-07:00

EE Times Magazine, March 2010: Robotics Special Edition:

http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cmp/eetimes_robotics_20100329/index.php#/1/OnePage

To add a new user into Samba server

2010-03-28T23:34:00.000-07:00

Have you ever had problem accessing a remote Linux machine from your windows, but Windows (XP/etc.) keeps asking for password (in other word, our account is always denied)? If you have, most likely is that our Linux server doesn't have the credentials to allow such username. This occurs if we don't use PDC.

When you check the log (/var/log/samba/log.*), you would find something like this:

[2010/03/28 23:26:35, 1] smbd/service.c:676(make_connection_snum)
create_connection_server_info failed: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED

The following simple command will create a new user in Samba server (e.g, "newuser" should match with the user in the Linux machine managed by PAM module).

mnt$ sudo smbpasswd -a -U newuser
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user newuser.

Now, from Windows explorer, we can just type "\\linuxserver\newuser". It will then ask for password. Use the password we entered above.

2010 Technologies for PC

2010-02-09T22:26:00.000-08:00

Year 2010 or early 2011 will be interesting for PC buyers who are thinking to buy a new computer. First of all, The USB 3.0 (SuperSpeed USB) will be available on many PC motherboards late this year. Another thing is a series of new microprocessors from Intel which intergrate GPU in their dice.

Embedded Systems Design Magazine

2010-02-05T12:19:00.001-08:00

"Embedded Systems design" magazine ed. Feb 2010:

http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cmp/esd0110/index.php#/0

iPad, iSlate, Kindle or what?

2010-02-02T00:39:00.000-08:00

Apple iPad was introduced by its CEO, Steve Jobs, last week. Despite its slickness and coolness, it still runs LED LCD screen. The new HP Tablet to-be-released will also be running LCD. Kindle from Amazon is in different direction. It uses a like-book screen from E Ink ( a spun off of MIT-lab company), but it only is black-and-white (though can display different grades of grey) and too slow for most of computing works today, except for reading e-books.

There is a new startup founded by Mary Lou Epsen (does OLPC [One Laptop Per Child] project click you?) that goes to a little bit different. Their claim the new LCD screen they are producing is a marriage between both worlds: the fast-response and colorful of LCD with reflection-light and power-saving of E-ink.

Looking at their website (http://www.pixelqi.com/about_us), most of their executives and board members hold Ph.D, either in optics, electrical engineering or physics. Quite impressive. The product they're making is called "Pixel Qi".

I was wondering why iPad doesn't use their screen for iPad? too expensive? I am eager to see a computer company to use their product for a power-efficient next generation tablet PC (I am no fan of Netbook. I agreed with Mr. Jobs in his presentation that Netbook is just a slow smaller-than-laptop PC running memory-hungry Windows XP or not-that-popular Linux).

I was thinking to get this iPad, but after reading an article about this Pixel-Qi on Popular Science magazine, I am thinking to just wait and see how people's responses surface later on and will decide later.

If you're in the market ready to throw some money for a new netbook, be patient and wait for the getting-hotter market of tablet computers to select the best of the breed.

How to Add HP-1020 on CUPS to Windows XP

2010-01-28T00:53:00.000-08:00

This is the instruction to share a printer which is served by a Linux running CUPS server to Windows clients.

Assume the class name of the printer (as defined in CUPS) is HP_LaserJet_1020, and the Linux server's IP address is 192.168.0.11.

Add a network printer and in URI box, add: http://%3cip-address/ of cups server>/classes/<classname>

or, in this example:

http://192.168.0.11/classes/HP_LaserJet_1020

LOGVECT.C

2009-12-17T22:02:00.001-08:00

/*    RESET AND INTERRUPT VECTORS
    Modified-version of COSMIC-France's vector.c

    (c) M. Lutfi Shahab

    First creation : 8-Jan-1995

    Modifications :
        - Bugs found in Whitesmiths's vector.c (vector 9 contains Division
          by Zero).
        - RESET: Whitesmith always defined zk and sk by zero, but in this
          file, user can modified it.
        - exception handler now can only be a near address (appropiate use
          for EVB under MCX16 kernel operation).
*/
#define _WSC_
#include "mcx16.h"

extern SYSTABLE SysTable;
extern @port void _stext(void);      /* startup routine */
extern @port void SCITrmIsr(void); /* SCI transmit interrupt handler */
extern @port void SCIRcvIsr(void); /* SCI receive interrupt handler */
extern @port void _BerrIsr(void);
extern @port void DivZero(void);
extern @port void IllegalOpcode(void);
extern @port void _default(void);
static @port void _dummit(void);

const struct reset {
    @far @port void (*rst)(void);    /* reset + code extension */
    unsigned int isp;         /* initial stack pointer */
    unsigned int dpp;         /* direct page pointer */
    @port void (*vector[58])(void);     /* interrupt vectors */
} _reset = {
/*0000:*/ /* vector 0: (ixksk) = $0110
                            bank 0, stack at $1xxxx
                            start address :
                            [15:12] = reserved
                            [11:8] = initial ZK
                            [7:4]   = initial SK
                            [3:0]   = initial PK
                     */
/*0002: */   _stext,     /* vector 1, initial PC */
/*0004: */   0x002E,     /* vector 2, Stack Pointer, [15:0] = initial SP */
/*0006:*/    0x0000,     /* vector 3, direct page pointer,
                            initial IZ (Direct Page Pointer) */

           /* BEGIN VECTORS */
/*000A:*/    _dummit,    /* vector 5, Bus Error (BERR) */
/*0008:*/    _dummit,    /* vector 4, Breakpoint (BKPT) */
/*000C:*/    (@port void *)0x02FA,    /* vector 6, Software Interrupt (SWI) to call MCX16 services */
/*000E:*/    _default,    /* vector 7, Illegal Instruction */
/*0010:*/    _default,    /* vector 8, Divide by Zero */
/*0012:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 9, Unassigned, Reserved */
/*0014:*/    _dummit,     /* vector A, Unassigned, Reserved */
/*0016:*/    _dummit,     /* vector B, Unassigned, , Reserved */
/*0018:*/    _dummit,     /* vector C, Unassigned, Reserved */
/*001A:*/    _dummit,     /* vector D, Unassigned, Reserved */
/*001C:*/    _dummit,     /* vector E, Unassigned, Reserved */
/*001E:*/    _dummit,     /* vector F, Uninitialized Interrupt */
/*0020:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 10, Unassigned, Reserved */
/*0022:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 11, Level 1 Interrupt Autovector */
/*0024:*/    _dummit,     /* Vector 12, Level 2 Interrupt Autovector */
/*0026:*/    _dummit,     /* Vector 13, Level 3 Interrupt Autovector */
/*0028:*/    _dummit,     /* Vector 14, Level 4 Interrupt Autovector */
/*002A:*/    _dummit,     /* Vector 15, Level 5 Interrupt Autovector */
/*002C:*/    _dummit,     /* Vector 16, Level 6 Interrupt Autovector */
/*002E:*/    _dummit,     /* Vector 17, Level 7 Interrupt Autovector */
/*0030:*/    _dummit,     /* Vector 18, Spurious Interrupt */
/*0032:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 19 user-defined interrupt */
/*0034:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 1A user-defined interrupt */
/*0036:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 1B user-defined interrupt */
/*0038:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 1C user-defined interrupt */
/*003A:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 1E user-defined interrupt */
/*003C:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 1E user-defined interrupt */
/*003E:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 1F user-defined interrupt */
/*0040:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 20 user-defined interrupt */
/*0042:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 21 user-defined interrupt */
/*0044:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 22 user-defined interrupt */
/*0046:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 23 user-defined interrupt */
/*0048:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 24 user-defined interrupt */
/*004A:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 25 user-defined interrupt */
/*004C:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 26 user-defined interrupt */
/*004E:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 27 user-defined interrupt */
/*0050:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 28 user-defined interrupt */
/*0052:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 29 user-defined interrupt */
/*0054:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 2A user-defined interrupt */
/*0056:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 2B user-defined interrupt */
/*0058:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 2C user-defined interrupt */
/*005A:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 2D user-defined interrupt */
/*005C:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 2E user-defined interrupt */
/*005E:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 2F user-defined interrupt */
/*0060:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 30 user-defined interrupt */
/*0062:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 31 user-defined interrupt */
/*0064:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 32 user-defined interrupt */
/*0066:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 33 user-defined interrupt */
/*0068:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 34 user-defined interrupt */
/*006A:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 35 user-defined interrupt */
/*006C:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 36 user-defined interrupt */
/*006E:*/    _dummit,     /* vector 37 user-defined interrupt */
/*0070:*/    (@port void *)&SysTable,   /* vector 38 points to SysTable address */
/*0072:*/    (@port void *)0x81E, /* vector 39 as a null task */
/*0074:*/    SCIIsr,      /* Vector 3A, Interrupt Service Routine SCI */
};

/* empty function to receive an undefined interrupt
*/
static @port void _dummit(void) /* just contains rti */
{
    /* enter background debug mode */
    _asm("BGND\n");
    _asm("nop\n");
}

ADCTASK.C

2009-12-17T22:01:00.001-08:00

/******************************************************************************
��͸
�                                                                             �
�                    ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTING TASK                        �
�                                                                             �
�                        Copyright (c) June, 1995                             �
�                           by Lutfi Shahab                                   �
�               Instrumentation and Controls Laboratory                       �
�                     Dept. of Engineering Physics                            �
�                   Faculty of Industrial Technology                          �
�                      Institut Teknologi Bandung                             �
�                                                                             �
� Date:      20/11/94                                                        �
�                                                                             �
� Platform : Motorola 68HC16 Microcontroller                                 �
� Compiler : Whitesmith HC16 Compiler                                        �
� Target   : EPROM-targeted binary code                                      �
�                                                                             �
� Description: -Task and routines to access ADC-module of 68HC16             �
�                                                                             �
� Functions:                                                                 �
�                                                                             �
�   Summary:                                                                  �
�   The ADC module is mapped into 32 words of address space. Five words are   �
�   control/status registers, one word is digital port data, and 24 words     �
�   provide access to the results of ADC conversion (eight addresses for each �
�   type of converted data). Two words are reserved for expansion.            �
�   The ADC module base address is determined by the value of the MODMAP bit �
�   int the system integration module configuration register (SIMMCR).        �
�   The base address is normaly $FFF700 in the MC68HC16Z1.                    �
�       Internally, the ADC has both a differential data bus and a buffered   �
�   IMB data bus. Registers not directly associated with AD conversion        �
�   functions, such as the MCR, the MTR, and the PDR, reside on the bufferd   �
�   bus, while conversion registers and result registers reside on the        �
�   differential bus.                                                         �
�                                                                             �
�   Registers that must be set prior operation:                               �
�     ADMCR:                                                                  �
�       STOP = 0 (normal operation)                                           �
�       FRZ = 0                                                              �
�       SUPV = 1 (supervisory mode)                                           �
�     ADCTL0:                                                                 �
�       PRS   = 1 (ADC clock = system clock/4 = 16.667 MHz/4)                 �
�       STS   = 0 (4 A/D clock periods in the sample time)                    �
�       RES10 = 1 (10-bit conversion)                                         �
�     ADCTL1:                                                                 �
�       SCAN = 1 (continuous conversion)                                     �
�       MULT = 1 (sequential conversion of four or eight channels            �
�                  selected by [CD:CA])                                       �
�       S8CM = 1 (eight-conversion sequence)                                 �
�       CD    = 0 (measured data at each channel stored into his register)    �
�                                                                             �
��;
******************************************************************************/
#define _FAR_

#include <wslxa.h>
#include "_adc.h"
#include "mcx16.h"
#include "sysdef.h"

#define CLICK_T     (16.256E-3) /* 1 clock tick = 16.256 mS */
#define TICK1       (1000/16) /* 1 second */
#define TICK2       (1000/16)

/*
    It's difficult to find out how time constant of thermocouple is,
    but for bare thermocouple, however, extensive reseach and testing
    have provided semi-empirical formulas that allow calculation of the time
    constant with fair accuracy. One such relation useful for temperatures
    from 160 - 1600 F, wire diameter 0.016 - 0.051 in, mass velocity 3 - 50
    lbm/(ft3.s), and static pressure of 1 atm is:

        t = (3500*rho*c*d^1.25 * pow(G, -15.8* sqrt(T)))/T, where

    rho = mass density of two thermocouple materials, lbm/ft3
    c   = average specific heat of two thermocouple materials, Btu/(lbm.F)
    d   = wire diameter (in)
    G   = flow mass velocity, lbm/(ft2.s)
    T   = stagnation temperature, R

    (adapted from Doebelin, MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS,...)
*/

/*********
    THIS JUST FOR CLARITY !
    ADC has been initialized by STARTUP.S
*******/
/*****
void ADC_init(void)
{
    admcr.reg = ADMCR_SUPV;
    admcr.reg = 0x0010;
    adctl0.reg = 0x0083;
    adctl1.reg = 0x0077;
}
******/

WORD adcdata[N_ADC_CHANNELS];

void ADC_Task(void)
{
   int i;

   _mcx_timer(TICK1, TICK2, SAMP_SEMA); /* install timer */
   FOREVER
   {
      /* wait until sample period begin */
      _mcx_wait(SAMP_SEMA);

      /* SCF is cleared when ADCTL1 is written and a conversion sequence begin */
       adctl1.reg = 0x0077;
      do {
      } while (adstat.w.ccf==0); /* all channels completely converted ? */

/*******
    if last channel scanned
        send data to mailbox if polling has reached last channel.
        signalling other task with ADC_SEMA
    rescan ADC channels, starting from first channel
*******/

      for(i=ADC_1; i<=N_ADC_CHANNELS; i++)
            adcdata[i] = ur_adc_rslt[i];
      _mcx_send_mbx(ADC_MBX, &adcdata, ADC_SEMA);
   }
}

COMTASK.C

2009-12-17T21:57:00.001-08:00

/*****************************************************************************
            COMMUNICATION TASK FOR 68HC16-BASED TERMO-LOGGER
                                  WITH
                    SLIP PROTOCOL AS DATA-LINK LAYER

                             (c) June 1995
                              by M. Lutfi
                        Engineering Physics Dept
                    Faculty of Industrial Technology
                       Institut Teknologi Bandung

        =======================================================

      Each received character is copied into a queue by the interrupt
      routine and each character will be send by SCI_trm_task
      periodically then gives a semaphore to other tasks via SCI_SEMA.
      Before data copied to other segment/buffer, data must be
      depacketized. ComTask always calls Depacketizer routine when
      he receives data. MCX16 manages timing each period.

      We don't need interrupt handler, because we don't use it.
      To transmitting a character, just put it into SCI_TRM_QUEUE

      If needed, QSPI routines can be added as request.

                           (c) M. Lutfi, 1995
             Last updated: 5-June-1995 at MKN, Suropati 231
******************************************************************************/
#define _WSC_

#include "mcx16.h"
#include "sysdef.h"

#define SCI_IV       0x3A           /* interrupt vector number */
#define IL_QSPI         1           /* QSPI has lowest priority */
#define IL_SCI          7           /* SCI has highest priority */
#define SIZE          512           /* buffer size */
#define TDRE        0x100           /* transmit ready bit */
#define SYS_CLOCK   16780000L       /* HC16EVB's system clock */
#define BAUD_RATE(bps)     (SYS_CLOCK/(bps*32))

/*
SLIP special character codes
*/
#define FR_END              0xC0 /* indicates end of packet */
#define FR_ESC              0xDB /* indicates byte stuffing */
#define T_FR_END            0xDC /* FR_ESC T_FR_END means END data byte */
#define T_FR_ESC            0xDD /* FR_ESC T_FR_ESC means ESC data byte */

#ifdef _WSC_    /* if WSC compiler */
    #include <wslxa.h>
    #include "_qsm.h"
    #include "sysdef.h"

#else       /* this not for WSC compiler */
    #include <dos.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #define FOREVER    for(;;)
    int scsr;
    int scdr;
    int qmcr;
    int qilr;
    int qilr_ilqspi;
    int qilr_ilsci;
    int qivr;
    int sccr0;
    int sccr1, sccr1_pe, sccr1_m, sccr1_te, sccr1_re;
#endif

   /* below are values for SCBR baud rates */
#define BPS_110          1748
#define BPS_600           874
#define BPS_1200        437
#define BPS_2400        218
#define BPS_4800        109
#define BPS_9600           55
#define BPS_19200           27
#define BPS_32768           16
#define    BPS_38400           14
#define BPS_500000          1

/**************************** GLOBAL VARIABLES *******************************
char in_char;
char out_char;
******************************************************************************/

/******************************************************************************
                              SEND_PACKET:
        sends a packet of length "len", starting at location "p"
******************************************************************************/
void send_packet(void *data, int len)
{
   /* send an initial END character to flush out any data (garbage) that
    * have accumulated in the receiver due to line noise
    */
   char *p;

   p = (char *)data;
   send_char(FR_END);

   /* for each byte in the packet, send the appropriate character
    * sequence
    */
   while (len--) {
      if (*p==FR_END) {
          send_char(FR_ESC);
          send_char(T_FR_END);
      }
      else
      if (*p==FR_ESC) {
         send_char(FR_ESC);
         send_char(T_FR_ESC);
      }
      else   /* otherwise, we just send the character */
         send_char(*p);
      p++;
   }
   /* tell the receiver that we're done sending the packet */
   send_char(FR_END);
}

/***************************** RECV_PACKET ***********************************
            receive a packet into the queue located at "p".
*      If more than len bytes are received, the packet will be
*      truncated.
*      Returns the number of bytes stored in the buffer.
*****************************************************************************/
int recv_packet(void *p, int len)
{
   char c;
   int received = 0;

   /* sit in a loop reading bytes until we put together a whole packet.
    * Make sure not to copy them into the packet if we run out of room.
    */
   while (1) {
      /* get a character to process */
      c = get_char();

      /* handle bytestuffing if necessary */
      if (c==FR_END) {
         /* a minor optimization: if there is no data in the packet,
          * ignore it. This is meant to avoid bothering IP with all
          * the empty packets generated by the duplicate FR_END char-
          * racters which are in turn sent to try to detect line noise.
          */
          if (received)
            return (received);
      }
      else
      if (c==FR_ESC) {
         c = get_char();

         /* if "c" is not and FR_ESC character, wait and get another
          * character and then figure out what to store in the packet
          * based on that.
          */
          if (c==T_FR_END)
            c = FR_END;
          else
          if (c==T_FR_ESC)
            c = FR_ESC;
          goto STORE;
      }
      else {
      STORE:
         /* here we fall into the default handler and let it store
          * the charater for us
          */
          if (received < len)
            p[received++] = c;
      }
   }
   _mcx_signal(SCI_RCV_SEMA);
}

/****************************************************************************
                       SCI driver Initialization
> Sets up the ACIA and starts an infinite loop of receive transmit
> QSM configuration summary:
   * After reset, the QSM remains in an idle state, requiring initialization
     of several registers before any serial operations may begin execution.
   * The type of serial frame (8 or 9 bit) and the use of partiy must be
     determined by M. PE and PT.
   * For receive operation, WAKE, RWU, ILT, ILIE must be considered.
     The receiver must be enabled (RE) and, usually, RIE should be set.
   * For transmit operation, the transmitter must be enabled (TE) and,
     usually, TIE should be set. The use of wired-OR mode (WOMS) must also
     be decided. Once the transmitter is configured, data is not sent
     until TDRE and TC are cleared. To clear TDRE and TC, the SCSR read
     must be followed by a write to SCDR (either the lower byte or the
     entire word).
   * QIVR should be programmed to one of the user-defined vectors ($40-$FF)
     during initialization of the QSM.
     After reset, QIVR determines which two vectors in the exception vector
     table are to be used for QSM interrupts. The QSPI and SCI submodules
     have separate interrupt vectors adjacent to each other.
     Both submodules use the same interrupt vector which LSB:
        1: interrupt generated by QSPI
        0: interrupt generated by QSCI
> Detail Configurations in QSM:
   * QMCR:
        STOP = 0 (Normal QSM clock operation)
        FRZ1 = 0 (Ignore the FREEZE signal on the IMB)
        SUPV = 1 (supervisor access)
        IARB = $A (priority = 10; $F = highest priority, used by timer)
   * QILR:
        ILQSPI = 1 (lowest priority)
        ILSCI = 7 (highest priority)
        QIVR   = set to SCI interrupt handler's address

****************************************************************************/

TCTASK.C

2009-12-17T21:56:00.001-08:00

/*
��͸
�                                                                           �
�                          THERMOCOUPLE TASK                                �
�                                                                           �
�                          Copyright (c) 1994                               �
�                           by Lutfi Shahab                                 �
�               Instrumentation and Controls Laboratory                     �
�                     Dept. of Engineering Physics                          �
�                      Institut Teknologi Bandung                           �
�                                                                           �
� Date:      20/11/94                                                      �
�                                                                           �
� Platform : Motorola 68HC16 Microcontroller                               �
�               running mcx16 multitasking kernel                           �
� Compiler : Whitesmith HC16 Compiler                                      �
� Target   : EPROM-targeted binary code                                    �
�                                                                           �
� Description:                                                             �
�      This module contains routines for Thermocouple Linearization using   �
� polynomial curvefitting. Only thermocouple type K can be calculated.     �
� Temperature adjusted to Celcius.                                         �
�                                                                           �
��;
*/

#define _WSC_
#define _FAR_

#ifdef _WSC_
#include <wslxa.h>
#else
enum {ADC_1, ADC_2, ADC_3, ADC_4, ADC_5,ADC_6, ADC_7, ADC_8, N_ADC_CHANNELS};
#endif
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef _WSC_
#include "mcxapi.h"
#include "sysdef.h"
#endif

#define VREF_PLUS         +2500.0       /* mV */
#define VREF_MIN          -2500.0       /* mV */
#define RESOLUTION          10          /* bits */
#define KELVIN_TO_C        273.20       /* based on IPTS-68 */
#define LM335_VT            10.00       /* mV per Kelvin degree */
#define TC_GAIN_AMP            (10000/40)    /* gain of TC op-amp; uV/uV */
#define DIGIT_TO_MILLIVOLT(d)    (((d)*scale)+VREF_MIN) /* mV */

/* seebeck coefficients for all TC types */
#define SEEBECK_COEF_K       40.01 /* uV/K */
#define SEEBECK_COEF_TC       5.20
#define SEEBECK_COEF_BN       18.05
#define SEEBECK_COEF_E        59.80
#define SEEBECK_COEF_JT       51.08
#define SEEBECK_COEF_JP       17.94
#define SEEBECK_COEF_JN       33.10
#define SEEBECK_COEF_K        40.01
#define SEEBECK_COEF_KP     26.47
#define SEEBECK_COEF_KN     13.54
#define SEEBECK_COEF_R     5.62
#define SEEBECK_COEF_S     5.70
#define SEEBECK_COEF_T     39.67
#define SEEBECK_COEF_TP     6.33
#define SEEBECK_COEF_TN     33.32

#define SEEBECK_COEF         SEEBECK_COEF_K

/* number of linearization polynomial equations as T(V) */
#define NUMEQN_V            5

/* number of linearization polynomial equations as V(T) */
#define NUMEQN_T            2

#define ORDE_T              10
#define ORDE_V              4
#define TC_VOLT_MIN         tc_table.v_range[0].min
#define TC_VOLT_MAX         tc_table.v_range[NUMEQN_V-1].max

typedef struct {
    double min, max;
}RANGE;

typedef struct {
    RANGE t_range[NUMEQN_T];       /* temperature range */
    RANGE v_range[NUMEQN_V];       /* voltage range */
    double coef_t[NUMEQN_T][ORDE_T+1];   /* polynomial coefficients for every equation of V(T) */
    double coef_v[NUMEQN_V][ORDE_V+1];   /* polynomial coefficients for every equation of T(V) */
} TCRECTYPE;

TCRECTYPE tc_table = {
/* Temperature ranges (in C) for each polynomial equation of type K */
{
    {-270.00,    0.00},
    {   0.00, 1372.00},
},
/* Voltage ranges in microvolts */
{
     {-6.457816e+03, -6.441148e+03},
     {-6.441148e+03, -5.891361e+03},
     {-5.891361e+03, 1.853306e+01},
     { 1.853306e+01, 8.136555e+03},
     { 8.136555e+03, 5.487490e+04}
},
{
/* Coefficients for each polynomial equation V(T) */
    {
      0.0000000000E+00, 3.9475433139E+01, 2.7465251138E-02,
     -1.6565406716E-04,-1.5190912392E-06,-2.4581670924E-08,
     -2.4757917816E-10,-1.5585276173E-12,-5.9729921255E-0015,
     -1.2688801216E-17,-1.1382797374E-20
    },
    {
     -1.8533063273E+01, 3.8918344612E+01, 1.6645154356E-02,
     -7.8702374448E-05, 2.2835785557E-07,-3.5700231258E-10,
      2.9932909136E-13,-1.2849848798E-16, 2.2239974336E-20,
      0.00, 0.00
    }
},

/* Coefficients for each polynomial equation T(V) in C */
{
    {-8.887677e+05,-2.054743e+02, 1.307316e-02, 5.611858e-06, 3.034392e-10},
    {-1.215521e+06,-7.993152e+02,-1.971155e-01,-2.160351e-05,-8.879453e-10},
    {0.0000000e+00, 2.382475e-02,-2.372981e-06,-6.567714e-10,-9.208444e-14},
    {0.0000000e+00, 2.548081e-02,-5.270562e-07, 7.989244e-11,-3.520933e-15},
    {-1.035821e+01, 2.712314e-02,-1.781781e-07, 3.243000e-12,-1.166816e-17}
}
};

double scale;   /* transformation scale */

/* calculate seebeck voltage value for a given temperature and TC */
/*
double calc_seebeck(double tempin)
{
   return (SEEBECK_COEF * tempin);
}
*/

/* calculate TC temperature given volts using polynomial equations */
double volt2temp_poly(double voltin)   /* input voltage */
{
int pi; /* index to appropriate polynom */
int i;
double yout;

if (voltin < TC_VOLT_MIN) /* check to see if voltage in valid range */
{
      voltin = TC_VOLT_MIN;
}
else if (voltin > TC_VOLT_MAX)
{
      voltin = TC_VOLT_MAX;
}
pi = 0;
/* search through breakpoint list looking for proper interval */
while ( (pi < NUMEQN_V) &&
            !((voltin >= tc_table.v_range[pi].min) &&
             (voltin <= tc_table.v_range[pi].max)))
{
    pi++;
}

/* calculate TC temperature as a function of volts */
yout = tc_table.coef_v[pi][ORDE_V];

for (i=ORDE_V-1; i<=0; i--)
{
    /* efficient, nested polynomial calculation */
    yout = yout*voltin+tc_table.coef_v[pi][i];
}

return (yout);
}

/******************************************************************************
                    CONVERTS TC VOLTS TO TEMPERATURE
                    --------------------------------
       Reference temperature sensored by IC LM335Z, which has output
   characteristic: 10 mV/K. Scale has been stated 5/1023 = 4.9 mV/LSB,
   so if we have vi (in integer), it must be multiplied by scale to convert
   to voltage temperature, and divided it by resolution of sensor to get
   real temperature. ref_scale = scale/LM335_VT = (4.9 mV/LSB)/(10 mV/K) =
   0.49 K/LSB. Increasing vi in its LSB will increase temperature by 0.49 K.
       When calibrate (T=25 C), LM335 generate 2.982 volts (273.2+25) according
   to his current temperature. In Differential op-amp, this temperature-based
   voltage used to compute temperature reference. We don't need to compute it
   in MCU.
   All of 'kerumitan' has been handled by op-amps.
*******************************************************************************/
void tc_converter(unsigned int *vi,    /* measured TC volts */
                 double *temp)          /* linearized temperature */
             /* return: error code, 0 = no error */
{
   int i;
   double v;

   for (i=ADC_1; i<=ADC_8; i++)
   {
      v = DIGIT_TO_MILLIVOLT(vi[i])/TC_GAIN_AMP*1000; /* unit in microvolts !*/
      temp[i] = volt2temp_poly(&v);
   }
}

double lin_t[N_ADC_CHANNELS];       /* linearized temperature */

void TC_Task(void)
{
    unsigned int *mbx;

    /* ADC resolution */
    scale = (double)(VREF_PLUS-VREF_MIN)/(double)((1<<RESOLUTION)-1); /* mV/bit */
    #ifdef _WSC_
    FOREVER
    {
        mbx = _mcx_receive_w(CNV_SEMA);
        tc_converter((mbx, (double *)lin_t);
        _mcx_send_mbx_w(TC_MBX, lin_t, CNV_FINISH_SEMA);
        _mcx_msg_done(mbx);
    }
    #endif
}

SLIISR.S

2009-12-17T21:55:00.001-08:00

;��Ŀ
;�                            SLIP PROTOCOL                                   �
;�                          INTERRUPT HANDLER                                 �
;�             for 68HC16Z1 Microcontroller running MCX-16                    �
;�                                                                            �
;�                 compiled with Whitesmiths C compiler                       �
;�                                                                            �
;�                            (c) June 1995                                   �
;�                               M. Lutfi                                     �
;�                      Engineering Physics Dept.                             �
;�                     Faculty of Industrial Tech.                            �
;�                     Institut Technologi Bandung                            �
;�                                                                            �
;��

.PROCESSOR M68HC16
.TITLE "Thesis Project : SLIP - communication handler"
.INCLUDE "hc16regs.mac"
.INCLUDE "mcx16.mac"
.INCLUDE "lgrset.mac"

;*******************************************************************************
;* SCI DRIVER DATA VARIABLES                                                  *
;*******************************************************************************
.PUBLIC _in_char, _out_char
    .psect _data

_in_char:    .BYTE (1)
_out_char:   .BYTE (1)
_dest_temp: .BYTE (1)
_src_temp:   .BYTE (1)

    .psect    _text
    .even

.LIST + .MACRO

;*******************************************************************************
;*                                                                             *
;*                       S C I   I N P U T   D R I V E R                       *
;*                                                                             *
;*******************************************************************************
.PUBLIC _sciidrv
_sciidrv:

rdclr:    ldd    SCSR        ; Get current status of SCI
          bitb   #RDRF       ; See if receive data ready
          beq    scirdy      ; if not SCI is a
          ldab   SCDR        ; Read input data
          bra    rdclr       ; Loop until clear
scirdy:   andp   #0FF1Fh     ; Turn interrupts on again

inloop:   ldab   #1          ; bank 1
          tbek               ; EK = 1
          tbxk               ; XK = 1 (K=$11xx)
          ldab   #SCI_RCV_SEMA
          ldaa   #MCX_WAIT_ ; Wait for input character
          swi

          ldaa   _in_char         ; Get input character captured by isr
          ldx    #_src_temp       ; Move it to safe place
          staa   0,x
          ldab   #SCI_RCV_Q       ; Then move the character into SCIIQ
          ldaa   #MCX_ENQUEUE_W_
          swi

          bra    inloop      ; Loop forever

;*******************************************************************************
;*                                                                             *
;*                     S C I   O U T P U T   D R I V E R                       *
;*                                                                             *
;*******************************************************************************

sciodrv: ldab   #0Fh
          tbek               ; EK=F (K=$Fxxx)
          ldab   #1
          tbxk               ; XK=1 (K=$F1xx)

scioloop:
          ldx    #_dest_temp
          ldab   #SCI_TRM_Q      ; Get next character from SCI_TRM_Q and put it into
          ldaa   #MCX_DEQUEUE_W_ ; _dest_temp as temporary location
          swi

          ldab   0,x         ; Get the character
          cmpb   #0Ah        ; New Line?
          bne    notnl       ; Branch if not "\n"
          ldd    SCSR        ; Get SCI status
          ldaa   #0Dh
          staa   SCDR+1      ; Output a "\r"
          ldd    #RIE+RE+TE+TIE
          std    SCCR1       ; Enable transmitter interrupts
;         ldab   #RIE+RE+TE+TIE
;         stab   SCCR1+1     ; Enable transmitter interrupts

          ldab   #SCI_TRM_SEMA   ; Wait for it to be output completely
          ldaa   #MCX_WAIT_
          swi

notnl:    ldd    SCSR        ; Read status
          ldaa   0,x         ; Get character to output
          staa   SCDR+1      ; Output it
          ldd    #RIE+RE+TE+TIE
          std    SCCR1       ; Enable transmitter interrupts
;         ldab   #RIE+RE+TE+TIE
;         stab   SCCR1+1     ; Enable transmitter interrupts

          ldab   #SCI_TRM_SEMA   ; Wait for it to be output completely
          ldaa   #MCX_WAIT_
          swi

          bra    scioloop    ; Loop forever

;*******************************************************************************
;*                                                                             *
;*           S C I   I N T E R R U P T   S E R V I C E   R O U T I N E         *
;*                                                                             *
;*******************************************************************************

sciisr:   orp    #INTS_OFF   ; Save the interrupt context
          pshm   d,e,x,y,z,k
          ldab   #1
          tbek               ; EK=1 (K=$1xxx)
          tbyk               ; YK=1 (K=$1x1x)
          tbzk               ; ZK=1 (K=$1x11)
          clrb
          tbxk               ; XK=0 (K=$1011)
          ldx    0000h       ; x = [$10000]
          tst    000Ah
          bne    notlvl0
          ldy    0004h       ; y = [$10004]
          sts    8,y         ; [y+8] = SP
          lds    14h,x       ; SP = [X+20]
notlvl0: inc    000Ah       ; [$1000A] = [$1000A]+1
          andp   #SCIINTON   ; Interrupts back on
          ldz    12h,x

          ldab   #0Fh        ; EK = F (K=$Fx11)
          tbek
          ldab   #1
          tbxk               ; XK = 1 (K=$F111)
          ldx    #0000      ;h
          ldy    #_in_char   ; y = &inchar

          ldd    SCCR1       ; If TDRE is set, see if SCCR1 has TIE set
          bitb   #TIE
          beq    notout      ; If not, this is not an output interrupt
          ldd    SCSR        ; Check SCI status register for TDRE
          bita   #TDRE
          beq    chkrd       ; TDRE not set
          ldd    #RIE+RE+TE ; If so, this is a transmitter interrupt, turn
                             ; TIE off now that the character is out
          std    SCCR1       ; Update SCCR1. That takes care of the output side

          ldd    SCSR        ; Now treat a possible input interrupt that is
                             ; simultaneous with the output. Reread the status
          bitb   #RDRF       ; Check for RDRF set
          beq    noin        ; Branch if no input occurred
          ldd    SCDR        ; Yes it did. Read the input character
          andb   #7Fh        ; Strip it to 7 bits
          stab   0,y         ; Store in temporary location (inchar)
          PSHSEMA SCI_TRM_SEMA   ; Put SCI_TRM_SEMA into Signal List
noin:     ldaa   #SCI_TRM_SEMA   ; Now signal the SCI output semaphore
          jmp    isrrtn

notout:
          ldd    SCSR        ; Read status again
chkrd:
          bitb   #RDRF       ; See if this is an input interrupt. Check RDRF
          beq    notin       ; It is not an input interrupt. So what was it?
          ldd    SCDR        ; If it was an input interrupt, get the character
          stab   0,y         ; Store in temporary location (inchar)
                             ; That takes care of the input. Now see if there
                             ; was a simultaneous output interrupt
          ldd    SCSR        ; Check SCI status register for TDRE
          bita   #TDRE
          beq    noout       ; TDRE not set
          ldd    SCCR1       ; If TDRE is set, see if SCCR1 has TIE set
          bitb   #TIE
          beq    noout       ; If not, this cannot be an output interrupt
          ldd    #RIE+RE+TE ; If so, this is a transmitter interrupt, turn
                             ; TIE off now that the character is out
          std    SCCR1       ; Update SCCR1
          PSHSEMA SCI_TRM_SEMA   ; Signal SCI Output Semaphore

noout:    ldaa   #SCI_RCV_SEMA   ; Now signal the input semaphore
          jmp    isrrtn

notin:    clra               ; This wasn't a recognizable SCI interrupt
          jmp    isrrtn

;*******************************************************************************
;* SCI VECTOR                                                                 *
;*******************************************************************************

.END